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Diş Hekimlerine İngilizce Kursu: Dental İngilizce

Q: 500 kelimelik diş hekimliği İngilizcesi listesini PDF olarak nasıl indirebilirim?

Arama motorunun sağ üst köşesindeki PDF İndir / Yazdır butonuna tıklayarak tüm 500 kelimeyi ücretsiz PDF çalışma kitabı olarak kaydedebilirsiniz.

Semih Pala Perşembe, 22 Ekim 2026 · Güncelleme: Perşembe, 22 Ekim 2026

Diş Hekimlerine İngilizce Kursu: Dental İngilizce

SAĞLIK İNGİLİZCESİ · DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ REHBERİ

Diş hekimleri, uzmanlar ve diş hekimliği öğrencileri için 5 ana alanda 500 temel İngilizce terim: dental anatomi, kullanılan cihazlar, klinik fiiller, hastalıklar (nedenleri ve tedavileri) ve hasta başı diyalog kalıpları.

1. ALAN100 TerimDental Terminoloji & Anatomi
2. ALAN100 CihazAletler, Frezler & Materyal
3. ALAN100 FiilKlinik İşlem & Hasta Komutu
4. ALAN100 PatolojiHastalık, Neden & Tedavisi
5. ALAN100 KalıpSıfat/Zarf & Hasta Diyaloğu

Güncelleme: 22 Ekim 2026 · Hazırlayan: Semih Pala · SAGLIKINGILIZCESI.COM · Okuma ve çalışma süresi: ~15 dk

Kısa Cevap & Özet

Bu rehberde diş hekimlerinin uluslararası sağlık turizminde, klinik muayenede ve akademik literatürde en çok kullandığı 500 temel İngilizce kelime ve cümle kalıbı 5 ayrı modülde (100'er adet) bir araya getirildi.
Sayfa içine gömülü Canlı Arama ve Filtreleme Motoru ile İngilizce veya Türkçe terim arayabilir, her kelimenin sesli telaffuzunu dinleyebilir, 10 soruluk Mini Kelime Testi ile kendinizi sınayabilir veya listenin tamamını ücretsiz PDF olarak indirebilirsiniz.
DUS / Doktora / Doçentlik için dil puanı hedefleyen diş hekimleri saglikingilizcesi.com YÖKDİL & TIPDİL kurslarına, yabancı hastalarla akıcı konuşma pratiği yapmak isteyenler ise medtalkstoday.com konuşma programlarına katılabilirler.

500 Kelime Motoruna Git Mini Kelime Testini Çöz

Diş hekimleri için İngilizce (Dental English) neden belirleyici?

Türkiye'nin estetik diş hekimliği, dental implantoloji ve ağız-çene cerrahisinde dünyanın önde gelen sağlık turizmi merkezlerinden biri olması, klinikte yabancı hastalarla doğrudan İngilizce iletişimi zorunlu kılıyor. Yabancı bir hasta koltuğa oturduğunda yalnızca tıbbi terimi bilmek yetmez; teşhisi hastanın anlayacağı sade bir dille anlatmak (örneğin dental caries yerine cavity / tooth decay, gingivitis yerine gum inflammation), korkulu hastayı sakinleştirmek ve bilgilendirilmiş onam (informed consent) almak tedavinin başarısını doğrudan belirler.

Branşlara göre diş hekimliği İngilizce odak alanları

Uzmanlık Branşı	Öncelikli İngilizce Terimler	Klinik İletişim Odak Noktası
Protetik & Estetik	Zirconia crown, Porcelain laminate veneer, E-Max, Shade guide, Mock-up, Occlusion	Gülüş tasarımı beklentisi, renk seçimi ve prova (try-in) onayı
Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi	Impacted wisdom tooth, Dental implant fixture, Sinus lift, Bone graft, Suture	Cerrahi risk/onam anlatımı, baskı hissi bilgilendirmesi ve post-op bakım
Endodonti & Restoratif	Irreversible pulpitis, Root canal treatment, Apex locator, Rubber dam, Composite	Zonklayıcı/gece ağrısı anamnezi ve kanal tedavisi korkusunu giderme
Periodontoloji & Ortodonti	Scaling and root planing, Gingival recession, Clear aligner, Malocclusion, Retainer	Diş eti kanaması nedenleri, plak kullanımı (22 saat/gün) ve hijyen eğitimi

Diş Hekimleri İçin İngilizce 500 Kelime Listesi: Ara ve Filtrele

Aşağıdaki gömülü arama motorunda 100 Terminoloji, 100 Cihaz ve Materyal, 100 Klinik Fiil, 100 Diş Hastalığı (Nedenleri ve Tedavileriyle) ve 100 Sıfat/Zarf + Hasta Diyaloğu yer almaktadır. Arama kutusuna İngilizce veya Türkçe yazarak anında filtreleme yapabilir, hoparlör düğmesiyle doğru telaffuzu dinleyebilirsiniz.

500 KELİME MOTORU

Diş Hekimliği İngilizcesi: Ara, Dinle ve Filtrele

1. Bölüm: Diş Hekimliği İlgili Terminoloji (Anatomi, Diş Yüzeyleri ve Klinik Kavramlar)100 kelime

İngilizce Terim & Alan	Türkçe Anlamı & Klinik Örnek Cümle
1.Enamel Anatomi	Diş Minesi“Acidic drinks can erode the tooth enamel over time.”
2.Dentin Anatomi	Dentin Tabakası“Once the decay reaches the dentin, sensitivity increases.”
3.Dental Pulp Anatomi	Pulpa (Diş Özü)“The dental pulp contains nerves and blood vessels.”
4.Pulp Chamber Anatomi	Pulpa Odası“We need to open the pulp chamber to relieve the pressure.”
5.Root Canal Endodonti	Kök Kanalı“This tooth has three separate root canals that need cleaning.”
6.Cementum Anatomi	Sement Tabakası“Cementum covers the root of the tooth below the gumline.”
7.Periodontal Ligament Periodontoloji	Periodontal Ligament“The periodontal ligament holds the tooth firmly in its socket.”
8.Alveolar Bone Cerrahi	Alveol Kemiği“Bone loss in the alveolar bone can lead to tooth mobility.”
9.Gingiva (Gums) Periodontoloji	Diş Eti“Healthy gingiva should look pink and firm, not red or swollen.”
10.Gingival Sulcus Periodontoloji	Diş Eti Oluku“We measure the depth of the gingival sulcus with a probe.”
11.Gingival Margin Periodontoloji	Diş Eti Kenarı“Plaque tends to accumulate right along the gingival margin.”
12.Apex (Root Tip) Endodonti	Kök Ucu (Apeks)“There is a small infection visible right at the apex of the root.”
13.Apical Foramen Endodonti	Apikal Foramen“Blood vessels enter the tooth through the apical foramen.”
14.Incisor Anatomi	Kesici Diş“Your central incisor has a slight chip on the edge.”
15.Central Incisor Anatomi	Santral Kesici Diş“We will match the veneer shade to your adjacent central incisor.”
16.Lateral Incisor Anatomi	Lateral Kesici Diş“The upper lateral incisor is slightly rotated.”
17.Canine (Cuspid) Anatomi	Köpek Dişi (Kanin)“Canines have the longest roots of all human teeth.”
18.Premolar (Bicuspid) Anatomi	Küçük Azı Dişi“Sometimes premolars are extracted for orthodontic space.”
19.Molar Anatomi	Büyük Azı Dişi“Your first molar does most of the heavy chewing.”
20.Wisdom Tooth (Third Molar) Cerrahi	Yirmi Yaş Dişi“Your lower wisdom tooth is growing in at an angle.”
21.Deciduous Teeth (Baby Teeth) Pedodonti	Süt Dişleri“Deciduous teeth act as placeholders for permanent teeth.”
22.Permanent Teeth Anatomi	Daimi Dişler“Your child's first permanent teeth are starting to erupt.”
23.Maxilla (Upper Jaw) Anatomi	Üst Çene (Maksilla)“The bone density in the maxilla is slightly softer than the lower jaw.”
24.Mandible (Lower Jaw) Anatomi	Alt Çene (Mandibula)“Please relax your mandible so I can check your bite.”
25.Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Cerrahi	Çene Eklemi (TME)“Do you hear a clicking sound in your temporomandibular joint?”
26.Hard Palate Anatomi	Sert Damak“The upper denture rests comfortably against the hard palate.”
27.Soft Palate Anatomi	Yumuşak Damak“Touching the soft palate can sometimes trigger a gag reflex.”
28.Uvula Anatomi	Küçük Dil“Say 'ah' so I can see past your uvula.”
29.Frenulum (Frenum) Cerrahi	Frenulum (Dudak/Dil Bağı)“A tight labial frenulum can cause a gap between the front teeth.”
30.Oral Mucosa Anatomi	Ağız Mukozası“The oral mucosa heals much faster than regular skin.”
31.Salivary Glands Anatomi	Tükürük Bezleri“Your salivary glands help neutralize acids in the mouth.”
32.Parotid Gland Anatomi	Parotis Bezi“The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands.”
33.Submandibular Gland Anatomi	Submandibular Bez“Let me palpate under your jaw to check the submandibular gland.”
34.Occlusion (Bite) Ortodonti	Oklüzyon (Kapanış)“We need to check your occlusion using articulating paper.”
35.Articulation Protez	Eklem Hareketi / Artikülasyon“Good articulation ensures smooth jaw movement during chewing.”
36.Mastication (Chewing) Fizyoloji	Çiğneme Fonksiyonu“Missing molars can significantly reduce mastication efficiency.”
37.Deglutition (Swallowing) Fizyoloji	Yutkunma“Abnormal deglutition habits can push the front teeth forward.”
38.Mesial Surface Anatomi	Meziyal Yüzey (Öne Bakan Yüz)“There is a small cavity on the mesial surface of this tooth.”
39.Distal Surface Anatomi	Distal Yüzey (Arkaya Bakan Yüz)“Make sure to floss the distal surface of your back molar.”
40.Buccal Surface Anatomi	Bukkal Yüzey (Yanağa Bakan Yüz)“I will place a small filling on the buccal surface.”
41.Labial Surface Anatomi	Labiyal Yüzey (Dudağa Bakan Yüz)“Veneers are bonded directly to the labial surface of front teeth.”
42.Lingual Surface Anatomi	Lingual Yüzey (Dile Bakan Yüz)“Tartar often builds up on the lingual surface of lower incisors.”
43.Palatal Surface Anatomi	Palatinal Yüzey (Damağa Bakan Yüz)“The palatal surface of your upper teeth shows signs of acid wear.”
44.Occlusal Surface Anatomi	Oklüzal Yüzey (Çiğneme Yüzeyi)“Deep grooves on the occlusal surface are prone to decay.”
45.Incisal Edge Estetik	İnsizal Kenar (Kesici Kenar)“We can smooth out the rough incisal edge with composite.”
46.Interproximal Space Periodontoloji	İnterproksimal Alan (Diş Arası)“Interdental brushes clean the interproximal space effectively.”
47.Contact Point Restoratif	Kontakt Noktası“A tight contact point prevents food from getting trapped.”
48.Cusp Anatomi	Tüberkül (Diş Tepesi)“One of the cusps on your molar has fractured off.”
49.Fissure Pedodonti	Fissür (Diş Yarığı)“We apply sealants to protect deep fissures in children's molars.”
50.Pit Anatomi	Pit (Diş Çukurcuğu)“Decay often starts in the tiny pits on the chewing surface.”
51.Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) Anatomi	Mine-Sement Sınırı“Gum recession has exposed the cemento-enamel junction.”
52.Furcation Periodontoloji	Furkasyon (Kök Ayrım Bölgesi)“Advanced bone loss has reached the furcation area of this molar.”
53.Periapical Area Endodonti	Periapikal Bölge (Kök Ucu Çevresi)“The X-ray shows a dark shadow in the periapical area.”
54.Tooth Socket (Alveolus) Cerrahi	Diş Soketi (Yuvası)“Do not disturb the blood clot forming inside the tooth socket.”
55.Dental Arch Ortodonti	Diş Arkı (Kavsi)“Your upper dental arch is slightly narrow and crowded.”
56.Quadrant Klinik	Kadran (Çene Bölgesi)“We will clean two quadrants today and the other two next week.”
57.Prosthodontics Branş	Protetik Diş Tedavisi“Prosthodontics focuses on restoring and replacing missing teeth.”
58.Endodontics Branş	Endodonti (Kanal Uzmanlığı)“I am referring you to a specialist in endodontics for this root canal.”
59.Periodontics Branş	Periodontoloji (Diş Eti Uzmanlığı)“Periodontics deals with the supporting structures of the teeth.”
60.Orthodontics Branş	Ortodonti (Tel/Plak Tedavisi)“Orthodontics can correct both crowded teeth and jaw alignment.”
61.Pedodontics (Pediatric Dentistry) Branş	Pedodonti (Çocuk Diş Hekimliği)“Pedodontics requires a gentle, playful approach with young patients.”
62.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Branş	Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi“Complex impacted teeth are handled in oral and maxillofacial surgery.”
63.Restorative Dentistry Branş	Restoratif Diş Tedavisi“Restorative dentistry aims to preserve natural tooth structure.”
64.Cosmetic (Esthetic) Dentistry Branş	Estetik Diş Hekimliği“Smile makeovers are a major part of cosmetic dentistry.”
65.Implantology Branş	İmplantoloji“Modern implantology offers predictable solutions for missing teeth.”
66.Radiology Branş	Dental Radyoloji“Dental radiology helps us see pathologies hidden inside the bone.”
67.Anamnesis (Medical History) Klinik	Anamnez (Tıbbi Öykü)“Before we begin, we need to take a thorough anamnesis.”
68.Chief Complaint Klinik	Ana Şikayet“What is your chief complaint that brought you in today?”
69.Diagnosis Klinik	Teşhis / Tanı“Based on the X-ray, my diagnosis is irreversible pulpitis.”
70.Prognosis Klinik	Prognoz (Hastalığın Seyri)“With proper root canal treatment, the prognosis for this tooth is good.”
71.Treatment Plan Klinik	Tedavi Planı“Here is your customized treatment plan with all the costs and steps.”
72.Informed Consent Klinik	Bilgilendirilmiş Onam“Please read and sign the informed consent form before surgery.”
73.Local Anesthesia Klinik	Lokal Anestezi“We will perform the extraction under local anesthesia.”
74.Conscious Sedation Cerrahi	Bilinçli Sedasyon“If you have severe dental anxiety, we can offer conscious sedation.”
75.General Anesthesia Cerrahi	Genel Anestezi“Full mouth rehabilitation can sometimes be done under general anesthesia.”
76.Infiltration Anesthesia Klinik	İnfiltrasyon Anestezisi“Infiltration anesthesia works very quickly on upper teeth.”
77.Nerve Block Klinik	Sinir Blokajı (Rejyonal Anestezi)“I will administer an inferior alveolar nerve block for your lower molar.”
78.Inferior Alveolar Nerve Anatomi	İnferior Alveolar Sinir“The wisdom tooth roots are very close to the inferior alveolar nerve.”
79.Trigeminal Nerve Anatomi	Trigeminal Sinir“Dental pain travels along branches of the trigeminal nerve.”
80.Maxillary Sinus Anatomi	Maksiller Sinüs“We need a sinus lift because your maxillary sinus has expanded downward.”
81.Biofilm (Dental Plaque) Periodontoloji	Biyofilm (Diş Plağı)“Brushing twice a day disrupts the bacterial biofilm on teeth.”
82.Calculus (Tartar) Periodontoloji	Diş Taşı (Kalkulus)“Once plaque hardens into calculus, only professional scaling can remove it.”
83.Demineralization Restoratif	Demineralizasyon (Mineral Kaybı)“White spot lesions are the first sign of enamel demineralization.”
84.Remineralization Restoratif	Remineralizasyon“Fluoride toothpaste promotes the remineralization of early enamel lesions.”
85.Osseointegration İmplantoloji	Osseointegrasyon (Kemik Kaynaşması)“We wait three months for complete osseointegration of the implant.”
86.Biocompatibility Materyal	Biyouyumluluk“Titanium is used for implants because of its high biocompatibility.”
87.Gingival Biotype Periodontoloji	Diş Eti Biyotipi“Patients with a thin gingival biotype are more prone to gum recession.”
88.Smile Line Estetik	Gülüş Hattı“Your high smile line shows a small amount of gum tissue when you laugh.”
89.Midline Estetik	Orta Hat (Midline)“We will align the dental midline with the center of your face.”
90.Vertical Dimension Protez	Dikey Boyut“Severe tooth grinding has reduced your occlusal vertical dimension.”
91.Centric Relation Protez	Sentrik İlişki“We record the jaw position in centric relation for full dentures.”
92.Freeway Space Protez	İstirahat Aralığı (Freeway Space)“Adequate freeway space ensures your jaw muscles can rest comfortably.”
93.Emergence Profile İmplantoloji	Çıkış Profili (Emergence Profile)“A well-shaped emergence profile makes the implant crown look natural.”
94.Biological Width Periodontoloji	Biyolojik Genişlik“Crown margins must respect the biological width to prevent gum inflammation.”
95.Ferrule Effect Protez	Ferrule Etkisi“Having enough sound tooth structure provides a strong ferrule effect.”
96.Crown-to-Root Ratio Protez	Kuron-Kök Oranı“We evaluate the crown-to-root ratio before using a tooth as a bridge abutment.”
97.Abutment Tooth Protez	Destek Diş (Abutment)“The two teeth next to the gap will serve as abutment teeth for the bridge.”
98.Pontic Protez	Gövde (Köprü Gövdesi)“The pontic is the artificial tooth that fills the empty space in a bridge.”
99.Edentulism Protez	Dişsizlik (Edentulizm)“Complete edentulism can be treated with implant-supported overdentures.”
100.vitality Test Endodonti	Vitalite (Canlılık) Testi“We will perform a cold vitality test to see if the nerve is still alive.”

2. Bölüm: Kullanılan Cihazlar, El Aletleri ve Sarf Materyaller100 kelime

İngilizce Terim & Alan	Türkçe Anlamı & Klinik Örnek Cümle
101.Dental Chair (Unit) Klinik Ekipman	Diş Üniti / Koltuğu“Please have a seat in the dental chair and make yourself comfortable.”
102.Mouth Mirror Muayene	Ağız Aynası“I'll use a mouth mirror to look at the back surface of your teeth.”
103.Dental Explorer (Probe) Muayene	Muayene Sondu“The dental explorer helps me feel for soft spots or cavities.”
104.Periodontal Probe Periodontoloji	Periodontal Sond“We use a calibrated periodontal probe to measure gum pocket depths.”
105.Cotton Pliers (Tweezers) Muayene	Presel (Diş Cımbızı)“Pass me the cotton pliers to place this cotton roll.”
106.High-Speed Handpiece (Aerator) Restoratif	Aeratör (Yüksek Hızlı Başlık)“The high-speed handpiece sprays water to keep the tooth cool.”
107.Low-Speed Handpiece (Micromotor) Restoratif	Mikromotor (Düşük Hızlı Başlık)“You will feel some vibration from the low-speed handpiece.”
108.Contra-Angle Handpiece Restoratif	Anguldruva“We attach a polishing brush to the contra-angle handpiece.”
109.Ultrasonic Scaler Periodontoloji	Ultrasonik Kavitron / Scaler“The ultrasonic scaler uses vibrations and water to remove tartar.”
110.Hand Scaler Periodontoloji	El Scaler'ı (Diş Taşı Aleti)“I will finish cleaning between your front teeth with a fine hand scaler.”
111.Grace Curette Periodontoloji	Gracey Küreti“Gracey curettes are designed for deep subgingival root planing.”
112.Saliva Ejector (Low-Volume Suction) Klinik Ekipman	Tükürük Emici (Sulu Emici)“You can close your lips gently around the saliva ejector.”
113.High-Volume Evacuator (Surgical Suction) Cerrahi	Cerrahi Aspiratör“My assistant will use the high-volume evacuator to clear the water spray.”
114.Air-Water Syringe (Triple Syringe) Klinik Ekipman	Hava-Su Spreyi“I'm going to dry your tooth using the air-water syringe.”
115.Curing Light (LED Light) Restoratif	Işınlı Dolgu Cihazı“This blue curing light hardens the composite filling in twenty seconds.”
116.Dental Bur Restoratif	Diş Frezi“We use a small diamond dental bur to shape the tooth.”
117.Diamond Bur Restoratif	Elmas Frez“A fine-grit diamond bur leaves a smooth surface for the crown.”
118.Carbide Bur Restoratif	Karbit Frez“Carbide burs are very effective at removing old amalgam fillings.”
119.Excavator Restoratif	Ekskavatör“I'll gently scoop out the soft decay using a hand excavator.”
120.Dental Dam (Rubber Dam) Endodonti	Rubber Dam (Lastik Örtü)“We place a dental dam to keep the tooth completely dry and isolated.”
121.Rubber Dam Clamp Endodonti	Rubber Dam Klempi“You might feel tight pressure on your tooth from the rubber dam clamp.”
122.Matrix Band Restoratif	Matriks Bandı“The matrix band acts as a temporary wall while I shape your filling.”
123.Wooden Wedge Restoratif	Tahta Kama“I'm sliding a tiny wooden wedge between your teeth to get a tight seal.”
124.Articulating Paper Klinik Ekipman	Artikülasyon Kağıdı (Isırma Kağıdı)“Tap your teeth together on this blue articulating paper, please.”
125.Impression Tray Protez	Ölçü Kaşığı“Let's try in this impression tray to make sure it fits your arch.”
126.Alginate Protez	Aljinat (Ölçü Maddesi)“This alginate material tastes like mint and sets in just one minute.”
127.Silicone Impression Material Protez	Silikon Ölçü Maddesi“We use high-precision silicone impression material for your crowns.”
128.Intraoral Scanner Dijital Diş Hekimliği	Ağız İçi Kamera / Dijital Tarayıcı“Instead of messy putty, we will scan your teeth with an intraoral scanner.”
129.Apex Locator Endodonti	Apeks Bulucu (Apex Locator)“The electronic apex locator tells us the exact length of your root canal.”
130.Endodontic File (Root Canal File) Endodonti	Kanal Eğesi“We use flexible nickel-titanium endodontic files to clean the canal.”
131.Gutta-Percha Endodonti	Guta Perka (Kanal Dolgu Maddesi)“Once cleaned, the canal is sealed with biocompatible gutta-percha.”
132.Paper Points Endodonti	Kağıt Koniler (Paper Point)“Sterile paper points are used to dry the root canal completely.”
133.Dental Syringe (Carpule Syringe) Klinik Ekipman	Anestezi Enjektörü (Karpül Şırıngası)“We use a very thin needle on the dental syringe for minimal discomfort.”
134.Anesthetic Cartridge (Carpule) Klinik Ekipman	Anestezi Karpülü“Each anesthetic cartridge is sterile and single-use.”
135.Topical Anesthetic Gel Klinik Ekipman	Topikal Anestezi Jeli (Uyuşturucu Sprey/Jel)“I'll apply some topical anesthetic gel on your gum before the injection.”
136.Extraction Forceps Cerrahi	Çekim الدavyesi (Davye)“Extraction forceps are shaped specifically for each tooth type.”
137.Dental Elevator Cerrahi	Elevatör (Kaldıraç)“I will gently loosen the tooth in its socket using a dental elevator.”
138.Surgical Scalpel Cerrahi	Bistüri“A small incision is made with a surgical scalpel to access the root.”
139.Periosteal Elevator Cerrahi	Periost Elevatörü“The periosteal elevator gently lifts the gum tissue away from the bone.”
140.Bone Rongeur Cerrahi	Kemik Pensi (Rongeur)“We smooth any sharp bone edges after extraction using a bone rongeur.”
141.Surgical Curette Cerrahi	Cerrahi Küret“A surgical curette is used to clean out the granulation tissue from the socket.”
142.Hemostat / Needle Holder Cerrahi	Portegü / Hemostat“We use a needle holder to place a couple of stitches in the gum.”
143.Surgical Suture (Stitches) Cerrahi	Cerrahi Dikiş (Sütür)“These are dissolvable surgical sutures, so they will fall out on their own.”
144.Cheek Retractor Klinik Ekipman	Yanak Ekartörü“A cheek retractor helps us take clear clinical photographs of your smile.”
145.Mouth Prop (Bite Block) Klinik Ekipman	Ağız Açacağı (Isırma Bloğu)“You can rest your jaw on this soft mouth prop during the long procedure.”
146.Panoramic X-Ray (OPG) Radyoloji	Panoramik Röntgen Cihazı“First, we will take a panoramic X-ray to see all your teeth and jawbones.”
147.Cone Beam CT (CBCT / 3D Scan) Radyoloji	3 Boyutlu Dental Tomografi (CBCT)“A 3D CBCT scan is essential to measure bone thickness before implant surgery.”
148.Periapical X-Ray Sensor Radyoloji	Periapikal Röntgen Sensörü (RVG)“Hold still for two seconds while the periapical X-ray sensor captures the image.”
149.Lead Apron Radyoloji	Kurşun Önlük“We always place a protective lead apron over you before taking X-rays.”
150.Autoclave (Sterilizer) Sterilizasyon	Otoklav (Sterilizasyon Cihazı)“All our reusable instruments are sterilized in a hospital-grade autoclave.”
151.Composite Resin Materyal	Kompozit Reçine (Beyaz Dolgu)“Composite resin bonds directly to the tooth and matches its natural shade.”
152.Dental Amalgam Materyal	Amalgam Dolgu“You have an old silver dental amalgam filling that has started to crack.”
153.Glass Ionomer Cement Materyal	Cam İyonomer Siman“Glass ionomer cement releases fluoride and works well near the gumline.”
154.Temporary Filling Material Materyal	Geçici Dolgu Maddesi“I've placed a temporary filling material; avoid chewing hard foods on it.”
155.Etchant (Acid Etch Gel) Materyal	Asit Jel (Etching)“This blue etchant gel prepares the enamel surface for strong bonding.”
156.Bonding Agent (Adhesive) Materyal	Bonding Ajanı (Yapıştırıcı)“The bonding agent acts as a microscopic glue between tooth and composite.”
157.Dental Cement (Luting Cement) Materyal	Yapıştırma Simanı“We will permanently fix your zirconia crown using strong dental cement.”
158.Zirconia Crown Protez	Zirkonyum Kaplama (Kuron)“A zirconia crown is both extremely durable and highly aesthetic.”
159.Porcelain Laminate Veneer Estetik	Porselen Lamina (Yaprak Porselen)“Porcelain laminate veneers require minimal preparation on the front teeth.”
160.E-Max Crown Estetik	E-Max Tam Seramik Kuron“For front teeth, E-Max crowns offer the best translucency and natural look.”
161.Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Protez	Metal Destekli Porselen“PFM crowns have a metal core covered by tooth-colored porcelain.”
162.Temporary Crown (Provisional) Protez	Geçici Kaplama (Geçici Kuron)“You will wear temporary crowns for a few days while the lab crafts the finals.”
163.Dental Implant Fixture İmplantoloji	İmplant Vidası (Fixture)“The titanium dental implant fixture replaces the missing tooth root.”
164.Healing Abutment (Gingival Former) İmplantoloji	İyileşme Başlığı (Diş Eti Şekillendirici)“The healing abutment shapes the gums nicely around the implant.”
165.Implant Abutment İmplantoloji	İmplant Abutmentı (Üst Yapı Parçası)“The implant abutment connects the crown to the implant inside the bone.”
166.Bone Graft Cerrahi	Kemik Tozu (Kemik Grefti)“We will add some bone graft material to build up the ridge for your implant.”
167.Collagen Membrane Cerrahi	Kolajen Membran“A resorbable collagen membrane protects the bone graft while it heals.”
168.Sinus Lift Instrument Cerrahi	Sinüs Lift Aleti“Specialized sinus lift instruments gently elevate the sinus membrane.”
169.Fiber Post Restoratif	Fiber Post“Because much of the tooth is missing, we'll place a fiber post inside the root.”
170.Core Build-Up Material Restoratif	Kor Yapım Materyali“Core build-up material reconstructs the tooth foundation before a crown.”
171.Dental Inlay / Onlay Restoratif	İnley / Onley Dolgu“A porcelain onlay is stronger than a regular filling but more conservative than a crown.”
172.Complete Denture (Full Denture) Protez	Tam Protez (Damak Protez)“Complete dentures restore all teeth in a fully edentulous jaw.”
173.Partial Denture Protez	Bölümlü (Parsiyel) Protez“A removable partial denture clips onto your remaining natural teeth.”
174.Overdenture Protez	İmplant Üstü Hareketli Protez“An implant-supported overdenture snaps securely onto two or four implants.”
175.Orthodontic Brackets (Braces) Ortodonti	Ortodontik Braketler (Diş Teli)“Ceramic orthodontic brackets are much less noticeable than metal ones.”
176.Archwire Ortodonti	Ark Teli“Today we are changing your archwire to a slightly thicker one.”
177.Clear Aligner Ortodonti	Şeffaf Plak (Telsiz Ortodonti)“You must wear your clear aligners for at least 22 hours a day.”
178.Orthodontic Retainer Ortodonti	Pekiştirme Apareyi / Retainer“Wearing your orthodontic retainer after braces prevents teeth from shifting back.”
179.Night Guard (Occlusal Splint) Protez	Gece Plağı (Bruksizm Plağı)“A custom hard night guard protects your teeth from nighttime grinding.”
180.Rubber Polisher / Prophy Cup Periodontoloji	Polisaj Lastiği / Fırçası“We finish the cleaning by polishing your teeth with a rubber prophy cup.”
181.Prophylaxis Paste (Prophy Paste) Periodontoloji	Polisaj Patı (Temizlik Macunu)“This gritty prophylaxis paste removes surface stains from coffee and tea.”
182.Air Polisher (Airflow) Periodontoloji	Airflow (Tozlu Diş Temizleme Cihazı)“The Airflow air polisher uses fine powder and warm water to remove stubborn stains.”
183.Fluoride Varnish Pedodonti	Florür Verniği“Applying fluoride varnish strengthens the enamel against acid attacks.”
184.Fissure Sealant Pedodonti	Fissür Örtücü (Aşı Dolgu)“Fissure sealants seal off deep grooves on permanent molars in children.”
185.Bleaching Gel (Whitening Agent) Estetik	Beyazlatma Jeli“Professional bleaching gel whitens teeth several shades in a single visit.”
186.Gingival Barrier (Liquid Dam) Estetik	Diş Eti Bariyeri“We apply a protective gingival barrier so the whitening gel doesn't touch your gums.”
187.Shade Guide Estetik	Renk Skalası (Vita Skalası)“Let's hold the shade guide next to your teeth to pick the most natural white.”
188.Retraction Cord Protez	Retraksiyon İpi“A thin retraction cord gently pushes the gum back for an accurate impression.”
189.Hemostatic Agent Cerrahi	Kanama Durdurucu Ajan“I'll apply a drop of hemostatic agent to stop the minor gum bleeding.”
190.Sodium Hypochlorite Endodonti	Sodyum Hipoklorit (Kanal Yıkama Solüsyonu)“We irrigate the root canal with sodium hypochlorite to eliminate bacteria.”
191.Calcium Hydroxide Endodonti	Kalsiyum Hidroksit“I will place antibacterial calcium hydroxide dressing inside the canal for a week.”
192.MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) Endodonti	MTA (Kök Onarım Materyali)“MTA is an excellent bioactive material for sealing root perforations.”
193.Cotton Roll Klinik Ekipman	Pamuk Rulo“I'll put a cotton roll under your lip to keep the area dry.”
194.Sterile Gauze Pad Cerrahi	Steril Gazlı Bez (Tampon)“Bite firmly on this sterile gauze pad for thirty minutes after the extraction.”
195.Dental Bib Klinik Ekipman	Hasta Önlüğü“Let me clip this paper dental bib around your neck to protect your clothes.”
196.Loupes (Dental Magnification) Klinik Ekipman	Dental Lup (Büyüteçli Gözlük)“Working with dental loupes allows me to see microscopic details.”
197.Dental Laser Cerrahi	Diş Lazeri (Yumuşak/Sert Doku Lazeri)“We can contour your gumline painlessly without bleeding using a dental laser.”
198.Dental Floss Hijyen	Diş İpi“Let me check the contact tightness between the crowns with dental floss.”
199.Interdental Brush Hijyen	Arayüz Fırçası“Use an interdental brush daily to clean underneath your dental bridge.”
200.Water Flosser (Oral Irrigator) Hijyen	Ağız Duşu“A water flosser is highly recommended for cleaning around dental implants.”

3. Bölüm: Diş Hekimliği İlgili Fiiller ve Hasta Yönlendirme Komutları100 kelime

İngilizce Terim & Alan	Türkçe Anlamı & Klinik Örnek Cümle
201.Examine Teşhis	Muayene Etmek“First, I will examine your teeth and gums to see where the pain is coming from.”
202.Inspect Teşhis	İncelemek / Gözlemlemek“Let me closely inspect that dark spot on your upper molar.”
203.Diagnose Teşhis	Teşhis Koymak“We need an X-ray to accurately diagnose the cause of the swelling.”
204.Probe Teşhis	Sondlamak (Derinlik Ölçmek)“I am going to gently probe around your gums to check for pockets.”
205.Palpate Teşhis	Palpe Etmek (Elle Muayene Etmek)“Let me palpate your jaw joint while you open and close your mouth.”
206.Percuss (Tap) Teşhis	Perküsyon Yapmak (Hafifçe Tıklatmak)“I will gently tap on a few teeth; tell me which one feels different.”
207.X-ray / Scan Teşhis	Röntgen Çekmek / Taramak“We will scan your jaw in 3D before planning the implant positions.”
208.Anesthetize (Numb) Anestezi	Uyuşturmak / Anestezi Yapmak“I will numb the area completely before we start the procedure.”
209.Inject Anestezi	Enjekte Etmek / İğne Yapmak“I'll inject the local anesthetic very slowly so you barely feel it.”
210.Isolate Klinik İşlem	İzole Etmek (Kuru Tutmak)“We need to isolate the tooth from saliva for the bonding to succeed.”
211.Drill / Prepare Restoratif	Aşındırmak / Kavite Hazırlamak“I will prepare the tooth by removing only the decayed portion.”
212.Excavate Restoratif	Çürüğü Temizlemek (Kazımak)“Let's carefully excavate the soft dentin near the nerve.”
213.Etch Restoratif	Asitlemek (Pürüzlendirmek)“We etch the enamel surface for fifteen seconds before bonding.”
214.Bond Restoratif	Yapıştırmak (Bonding Uygulamak)“Composite veneers are bonded directly onto the enamel.”
215.Cure (Light-cure) Restoratif	Işınlamak (Sertleştirmek)“Keep your eyes closed while I light-cure the filling.”
216.Fill / Restore Restoratif	Dolgu Yapmak / Restore Etmek“We can easily restore this chipped edge in one appointment.”
217.Shape / Contour Estetik	Şekillendirmek / Konturlamak“I will contour the filling so it matches your natural tooth anatomy.”
218.Polish Restoratif	Cilalamak / Parlatmak“Finally, let's polish the filling until it feels completely smooth.”
219.Scale Periodontoloji	Diş Taşı Temizlemek“We recommend scaling your teeth every six months to prevent gum disease.”
220.Curette Periodontoloji	Kürete Etmek (Derin Temizlemek)“I need to curette the inflamed tissue inside the deep gum pocket.”
221.Plane (Root planing) Periodontoloji	Kök Yüzeyi Düzleştirmek“Root planing smooths the root surface so gums can reattach nicely.”
222.Irrigate Endodonti	Yıkamak (Solüsyonla Temizlemek)“We thoroughly irrigate the root canals with disinfectant solution.”
223.Disinfect Endodonti	Dezenfekte Etmek“Laser activation helps disinfect the microscopic tubules in the root.”
224.Obturate (Seal) Endodonti	Kanalı Doldurmak / Sızdırmaz Kapatmak“Once dry, we obturate the root canals tightly with gutta-percha.”
225.Extract (Pull) Cerrahi	Diş Çekmek“Unfortunately, the root is fractured vertically, so we must extract the tooth.”
226.Loosen (Luxate) Cerrahi	Gevşetmek / Mobilize Etmek“You will feel pressure while I gently loosen the tooth from its socket.”
227.Incise Cerrahi	Kesi Yapmak (İnsizyon)“I will make a tiny incision in the gum to reach the impacted tooth.”
228.Elevate Cerrahi	Yükseltmek / Kaldırmak“We carefully elevate the sinus membrane before placing the bone graft.”
229.Section (Split) Cerrahi	Bölmek (Dişi Parçalara Ayırmak)“To make the wisdom tooth extraction easier, I'll section it into two pieces.”
230.Graft Cerrahi	Greftlemek (Kemik/Doku Eklemek)“We will graft bone into the socket to preserve the ridge volume.”
231.Suture (Stitch) Cerrahi	Dikiş Atmak (Sütürlemek)“I'll place two small stitches to help the gum heal faster.”
232.Implant İmplantoloji	İmplant Yerleştirmek“We can implant the titanium fixture immediately after extraction.”
233.Cement Protez	Simante Etmek (Kalıcı Yapıştırmak)“If you are happy with the look and bite, we will cement the crowns today.”
234.Try in Protez	Prova Yapmak (Ağızda Denemek)“Today we will try in the zirconia framework to check the fit.”
235.Adjust Protez	Uyumlamak / Yükseklik Almak“Does the bite feel high? I can adjust it in just a few seconds.”
236.Take an impression Protez	Ölçü Almak“We will take a digital impression of your upper and lower jaws.”
237.Register the bite Protez	Kapanış Kaydı Almak“Bite down naturally while we register your bite with silicone.”
238.Whiten / Bleach Estetik	Beyazlatmak“In-office bleaching can whiten your smile in just under an hour.”
239.Align / Straighten Ortodonti	Hizalamak / Düzeltmek“Clear aligners gradually straighten crowded teeth without brackets.”
240.Tighten Ortodonti	Sıkmak / Aktive Etmek“You might feel mild soreness for a day after we tighten your braces.”
241.Retain Ortodonti	Sabitlemek / Koruma Altına Almak“A lingual wire helps retain your front teeth in their new position.”
242.Seal Pedodonti	Örtmek / İzole Etmek“We seal the deep grooves on molars to keep bacteria out.”
243.Remineralize Koruyucu	Yeniden Mineralize Etmek“This topical cream helps remineralize weak enamel spots.”
244.Desensitize Klinik İşlem	Hassasiyeti Gidermek“I will apply a special varnish to desensitize the exposed root neck.”
245.Drain Cerrahi	Drene Etmek (Apseyi Boşaltmak)“We need to drain the abscess first to relieve your acute pain and swelling.”
246.Prescribe Klinik İşlem	Reçete Yazmak“I will prescribe an antibiotic and an anti-inflammatory painkiller.”
247.Refer Klinik İşlem	Sevk Etmek / Yönlendirmek“I'm going to refer you to our endodontist for microscopic root canal treatment.”
248.Re-evaluate (Follow up) Klinik İşlem	Kontrol Etmek / Yeniden Değerlendirmek“Let's re-evaluate the healing in two weeks during your follow-up.”
249.Sterilize Sterilizasyon	Sterilize Etmek“We sterilize every handpiece and instrument between patients.”
250.Suction (Aspirate) Klinik İşlem	Vakumlamak / Çekmek“My assistant will suction the water while I work.”
251.Open wide Hasta Komutu	Ağzı Geniş Açmak“Please open wide so I can reach your back molar.”
252.Close gently Hasta Komutu	Yavaşça Kapatmak“Now close gently until your back teeth touch.”
253.Bite down Hasta Komutu	Isırmak“Bite down firmly on the cotton gauze and hold it there.”
254.Tap your teeth Hasta Komutu	Dişleri Birbirine Vurmak“Tap your teeth together a few times: tap, tap, tap.”
255.Grind side to side Hasta Komutu	Çeneyi Sağa Sola Kaydırmak“Bite on the paper and grind side to side as if you are chewing.”
256.Rinse Hasta Komutu	Çalkalamak“You can take a sip of water and rinse your mouth now.”
257.Spit Hasta Komutu	Tükürmek“Please spit into the basin on your left.”
258.Swallow Hasta Komutu	Yutkunmak“Bite your teeth together and swallow normally.”
259.Relax your jaw Hasta Komutu	Çeneyi Gevşetmek“Try to relax your jaw and let your shoulders drop.”
260.Relax your tongue Hasta Komutu	Dili Serbest Bırakmak“Relax your tongue on the floor of your mouth, please.”
261.Breathe through your nose Hasta Komutu	Burundan Nefes Almak“Focus on breathing slowly through your nose; it stops the gag reflex.”
262.Raise your hand Hasta Komutu	El Kaldırmak“If you feel any discomfort, just raise your left hand and I'll stop immediately.”
263.Turn your head Hasta Komutu	Başı Çevirmek“Turn your head slightly toward me, please.”
264.Lift your chin Hasta Komutu	Çeneyi Yukarı Kaldırmak“Lift your chin up a little bit so I can see your upper arch.”
265.Hold still Hasta Komutu	Hareketsiz Durmak“Please hold still for three seconds while the X-ray is taken.”
266.Throb Hasta Şikayeti	Zonklamak (Ağrı)“My tooth started to throb last night and kept me awake.”
267.Ache / Hurt Hasta Şikayeti	Ağrımak / Acımak“Does it hurt on its own, or only when you chew on it?”
268.Shoot (Shooting pain) Hasta Şikayeti	Şimşek Çakar Gibi Ağrımak“I get a sharp pain that shoots up toward my ear.”
269.Radiate Hasta Şikayeti	Yayılmak (Ağrının Yayılması)“Does the pain radiate to your neck or temple?”
270.Bleed Hasta Şikayeti	Kanamak“Do your gums bleed when you brush your teeth?”
271.Swell (Swell up) Hasta Şikayeti	Şişmek“The left side of my face began to swell up this morning.”
272.Recede Hasta Şikayeti	Çekilmek (Diş Eti Çekilmesi)“Your gums have started to recede due to aggressive brushing.”
273.Decay (Rot) Patoloji	Çürümek“Sugary snacks left on teeth cause the enamel to decay rapidly.”
274.Erode Patoloji	Aşınmak (Asit Erozyonu)“Frequent lemon water can erode the protective enamel layer.”
275.Abrade / Wear down Patoloji	Aşınmak (Mekanik Aşınma)“Nighttime grinding has worn down the edges of your front teeth.”
276.Chip Travma	Ufak Parça Kırılmak (Çentiklenmek)“I bit on an olive pit and chipped my front tooth.”
277.Fracture / Crack Travma	Çatlamak / Kırılmak“Large old fillings can weaken a tooth and cause it to fracture.”
278.Loosen (Become mobile) Patoloji	Sallanmak (Dişin Sallanması)“Bone loss from gum disease can cause teeth to loosen over time.”
279.Shift / Drift Ortodonti	Kaymak / Yer Değiştirmek“When a tooth is lost, neighboring teeth tend to shift into the gap.”
280.Erupt Gelişim	Sürmek (Diş Çıkması)“Wisdom teeth usually erupt between the ages of seventeen and twenty-five.”
281.Exfoliate (Fall out) Pedodonti	Dökülmek / Düşmek (Süt Dişi)“This baby tooth is loose and will exfoliate naturally soon.”
282.Impact (Become impacted) Cerrahi	Gömülü Kalmak“Because there wasn't enough room in the jaw, the tooth became impacted.”
283.Inflame Patoloji	İltihaplanmak / Kızarmak“Plaque accumulation along the crown margin will inflame the gums.”
284.Infect Patoloji	Enfekte Olmak“If bacteria enter the pulp chamber, the root canal becomes infected.”
285.Calcify Endodonti	Kireçlenmek / Kalsifiye Olmak“Over time, trauma can cause the root canal to calcify and narrow.”
286.Resorb Patoloji	Erimek / Rezorbe Olmak“Without a tooth root or implant, the jawbone begins to resorb.”
287.Heal İyileşme	İyileşmek“The extraction site will heal smoothly over the next two weeks.”
288.Dissolve İyileşme	Erimek (Dikişlerin Erimesi)“These stitches are resorbable and will dissolve within ten days.”
289.Clench Parafonksiyon	Diş Sıkmak“Do you notice yourself clenching your jaw when you are stressed?”
290.Grind (Brux) Parafonksiyon	Diş Gıcırdatmak“Many patients grind their teeth in their sleep without realizing it.”
291.Brush Hijyen	Fırçalamak“Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and brush in gentle circular motions.”
292.Floss Hijyen	Diş İpi Kullanmak“You should floss once a day before bedtime to clean between teeth.”
293.Gargle / Swish Hijyen	Gargara Yapmak“Do not swish vigorously on the first day after tooth extraction.”
294.Avoid Bakım Talimatı	Kaçınmak / Uzak Durmak“Please avoid smoking and drinking through a straw for 48 hours.”
295.Apply ice (Cold compress) Bakım Talimatı	Buz Uygulamak“Apply an ice pack on your cheek for ten minutes on, ten minutes off.”
296.Subside İyileşme	Azalmak / Dinmek (Ağrı/Şişlik)“The swelling normally peaks on day two and then begins to subside.”
297.Wear off Anestezi	Etkisi Geçmek (Uyuşukluğun Geçmesi)“Be careful not to bite your lip before the numbness wears off.”
298.Relieve Tedavi	Rahatlatmak / Dindirmek“Opening the tooth will immediately relieve the throbbing pressure.”
299.Prevent Koruyucu	Önlemek / Korunmak“Regular check-ups prevent small cavities from turning into root canals.”
300.Maintain Hijyen	Korumak / Sürdürmek“Good oral hygiene at home helps maintain your implants for a lifetime.”

4. Bölüm: Diş ve Diş Eti Hastalıkları (Nedenleri ve Tedavi Yöntemleri)100 kelime

İngilizce Terim & Alan	Türkçe Anlamı & Klinik Örnek Cümle
301.Dental Caries (Tooth Decay / Cavity) Neden: Bacterial plaque & sugar acidsTedavi / Bakım: Composite filling / Inlay	Diş Çürüğü (Kavite)“You have a moderate dental caries on your molar that we can treat with a composite filling.”
302.Reversible Pulpitis Neden: Deep cavity or thermal irritationTedavi / Bakım: Caries removal & protective filling	Reversibl Pulpitis (Geri Dönüşümlü Pulpa İltihabı)“Since the pain stops right after cold drinks, it is reversible pulpitis and a simple filling should save the nerve.”
303.Irreversible Pulpitis Neden: Bacterial invasion into dental pulpTedavi / Bakım: Root canal treatment (Endodontics)	İrreversibl Pulpitis (Şiddetli Kanal İltihabı)“Spontaneous night pain indicates irreversible pulpitis; we need to perform a root canal treatment.”
304.Pulp Necrosis Neden: Untreated pulpitis or traumaTedavi / Bakım: Root canal treatment or extraction	Pulpa Nekrozu (Diş Sinirinin Ölmesi)“The nerve inside the tooth has undergone pulp necrosis, which is why it didn't respond to the cold test.”
305.Apical Periodontitis Neden: Infection spreading from root canal to apexTedavi / Bakım: Root canal treatment / Retreatment	Apikal Periodontitis (Kök Ucu İltihabı)“Biting pain on this tooth is caused by apical periodontitis at the root tip.”
306.Periapical Abscess (Dental Abscess) Neden: Acute bacterial infection at root apexTedavi / Bakım: Incision & drainage, RCT, antibiotics	Periapikal Apse (Diş Apsesi)“We need to drain the periapical abscess and start root canal therapy to clear the infection.”
307.Periodontal Abscess Neden: Foreign body or trapped bacteria in deep gum pocketTedavi / Bakım: Pocket drainage & deep curettage	Periodontal Apse (Diş Eti Apsesi)“This swelling on your gum comes from a periodontal abscess inside a deep pocket.”
308.Periapical Cyst (Radicular Cyst) Neden: Chronic untreated necrotic toothTedavi / Bakım: Root canal + Apicoectomy (Cyst enucleation)	Kök Ucu Kisti (Radiküler Kist)“There is a well-defined radicular cyst at the root tip that requires minor apical surgery.”
309.Periapical Granuloma Neden: Chronic low-grade root canal infectionTedavi / Bakım: Endodontic treatment	Periapikal Granülom“Once we disinfect and seal the root canal, this small periapical granuloma will heal by itself.”
310.Gingivitis Neden: Plaque & tartar buildup along gumlineTedavi / Bakım: Professional scaling, polishing & oral hygiene	Gingivitis (Diş Eti İltihabı)“Your bleeding gums are a sign of gingivitis, which is completely reversible with scaling.”
311.Chronic Periodontitis Neden: Subgingival calculus & pathogenic biofilmTedavi / Bakım: Scaling, root planing (deep cleaning) & flap surgery	Kronik Periodontitis (İleri Diş Eti Hastalığı)“Chronic periodontitis has caused some bone loss around your back teeth, so we need deep cleaning.”
312.Aggressive Periodontitis Neden: Specific genetic & microbial factorsTedavi / Bakım: Intensive periodontal therapy & systemic antibiotics	Agresif Periodontitis (Hızlı İlerleyen Kemik Kaybı)“Because bone loss is happening rapidly, we must treat this aggressive periodontitis with targeted therapy.”
313.Gingival Recession (Gum Recession) Neden: Hard brushing, thin biotype or periodontitisTedavi / Bakım: Connective tissue graft / Pinhole surgery / Desensitizing	Diş Eti Çekilmesi“We can cover this severe gingival recession with a soft tissue graft from your palate.”
314.Gingival Hyperplasia (Overgrowth) Neden: Certain medications or chronic inflammationTedavi / Bakım: Gingivectomy (Laser gum contouring) & hygiene	Diş Eti Büyümesi“We can easily reshape the gingival hyperplasia using our dental laser for a balanced smile.”
315.Pericoronitis Neden: Food & bacteria trapped under gum flap of wisdom toothTedavi / Bakım: Irrigation, operculectomy or wisdom tooth extraction	Perikoronit (Yirmi Yaş Dişi Çevresi İltihabı)“Your partially erupted wisdom tooth has caused pericoronitis; we'll clean the area first and extract it once acute inflammation subsides.”
316.Alveolar Osteitis (Dry Socket) Neden: Loss of blood clot after extraction (often smoking)Tedavi / Bakım: Socket irrigation & medicated soothing dressing	Alveolit (Kuru Soket - Çekim Sonrası Ağrı)“Because the blood clot dislodged, you developed a dry socket; I'll place a soothing medicated paste to stop the pain immediately.”
317.Peri-implant Mucosa Inflammation (Peri-implant Mucositis) Neden: Plaque accumulation around implant crownTedavi / Bakım: Specialized implant scaling & airflow cleaning	Peri-implant Mukozitis (İmplant Çevresi Diş Eti İltihabı)“Just like natural teeth, implants can get peri-implant mucositis if plaque isn't cleaned daily.”
318.Peri-implantitis Neden: Untreated bacterial infection around implantTedavi / Bakım: Surgical decontamination, laser therapy & bone grafting	Peri-implantitis (İmplant Çevresi Kemik Erimesi)“To save this implant from peri-implantitis, we will clean the threads with laser and place a bone graft.”
319.Impacted Tooth (Impacted Wisdom Tooth) Neden: Lack of jaw space or angled eruption pathTedavi / Bakım: Surgical tooth extraction	Gömülü Diş (Gömülü 20 Yaş Dişi)“Your impacted wisdom tooth is pushing against the neighboring molar, so surgical extraction is recommended.”
320.Ectopic Eruption Neden: Retained baby tooth or arch crowdingTedavi / Bakım: Extraction of baby tooth & orthodontic guidance	Ektopik Sürme (Dişin Yanlış Yerden Çıkması)“Your child's permanent canine shows ectopic eruption, which we can guide into place with orthodontics.”
321.Ankylosis (Ankylosed Tooth) Neden: Trauma or periodontal ligament defectTedavi / Bakım: Surgical luxation, buildup or extraction & implant	Ankiloz (Dişin Kemiğe Kaynaması)“This baby molar is ankylosed to the bone and sitting lower than the neighboring teeth.”
322.Supernumerary Teeth (Hyperdontia) Neden: Developmental hyperactivity of dental laminaTedavi / Bakım: Extraction of extra tooth before orthodontic alignment	Süpernümerer Diş (Fazla Diş / Artı Diş)“The X-ray reveals a hidden supernumerary tooth blocking your front incisor from erupting.”
323.Hypodontia (Congenitally Missing Teeth) Neden: Genetic developmental absence of tooth budsTedavi / Bakım: Orthodontic space closure, Maryland bridge or implant	Hipodonti (Doğuştan Diş Eksikliği)“Since you have congenital hypodontia of the lateral incisors, we can replace them with implants or veneers.”
324.Bruxism (Teeth Grinding & Clenching) Neden: Stress, sleep disorders or bite discrepancyTedavi / Bakım: Custom night guard (occlusal splint) & Masseter Botox	Bruksizm (Diş Sıkma ve Gıcırdatma)“To protect your veneers from bruxism, we will make you a custom occlusal night guard and can apply masseter botox.”
325.Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD / TMJ Syndrome) Neden: Jaw clenching, disc displacement or arthritisTedavi / Bakım: Splint therapy, physical therapy, muscle relaxants	Çene Eklemi Rahatsızlığı (TME Bozukluğu)“Your jaw clicking and morning headaches are classic signs of TMD; splint therapy will relieve the joint pressure.”
326.Trismus (Lockjaw) Neden: Muscle spasm after wisdom tooth surgery or infectionTedavi / Bakım: Warm compresses, jaw exercises & anti-inflammatory meds	Trismus (Ağız Açmada Kısıtlılık)“Mild trismus is common after lower wisdom tooth surgery; warm compresses will help relax the muscle.”
327.Malocclusion Neden: Skeletal jaw mismatch or dental crowdingTedavi / Bakım: Orthodontic braces, clear aligners or orthognathic surgery	Maloklüzyon (Kapanış Bozukluğu)“Correcting your malocclusion will not only improve your smile but also prevent uneven tooth wear.”
328.Dental Crowding Neden: Tooth size larger than jaw arch lengthTedavi / Bakım: Clear aligners, braces or interproximal reduction (IPR)	Diş Çapraşıklığı“Mild dental crowding makes flossing difficult, and we can easily align it in six months with clear aligners.”
329.Diastema (Gap Teeth) Neden: Oversized frenulum or small teeth in wide jawTedavi / Bakım: Composite bonding, porcelain veneers or orthodontics	Diastema (Ayrık Diş / Diş Arası Boşluk)“We can close the midline diastema between your front teeth in a single visit using aesthetic bonding.”
330.Open Bite Neden: Thumb sucking, tongue thrusting or skeletal growthTedavi / Bakım: Orthodontic aligners/braces & habit correction	Açık Kapanış (Open Bite)“With an anterior open bite, your front teeth don't touch when your back teeth are closed.”
331.Deep Bite (Overbite) Neden: Excessive vertical overlap of incisorsTedavi / Bakım: Orthodontic intrusion or bite elevation	Derin Kapanış (Deep Bite)“Your deep bite is causing your lower incisors to bite into the palate behind your upper teeth.”
332.Crossbite Neden: Narrow upper jaw (maxillary constriction)Tedavi / Bakım: Palatal expander & orthodontic treatment	Çapraz Kapanış (Crossbite)“In children, we correct a posterior crossbite easily using a palatal expander.”
333.Underbite (Class III Malocclusion) Neden: Mandibular overgrowth or maxillary deficiencyTedavi / Bakım: Orthodontics or combined orthognathic surgery	Alt Çene İleriliği (Sınıf 3 Kapanış)“Because your lower teeth sit in front of your upper teeth, this underbite requires careful orthodontic planning.”
334.Overjet (Protruding Teeth) Neden: Skeletal Class II or thumb sucking habitTedavi / Bakım: Orthodontic retraction	Üst Diş İleriliği (Artmış Overjet)“Reducing a large overjet protects the upper front teeth from accidental trauma.”
335.Dentin Hypersensitivity (Tooth Sensitivity) Neden: Exposed dentin tubules from recession or enamel wearTedavi / Bakım: Desensitizing varnish, laser therapy or bonding	Dentin Hassasiyeti (Diş Hassasiyeti)“Cold air triggers dentin hypersensitivity because the root surface is exposed; I'll seal it with a desensitizing agent.”
336.Dental Erosion (Acid Erosion) Neden: Acidic drinks, citrus or gastric reflux (GERD)Tedavi / Bakım: Minimally invasive composite or ceramic overlays/veneers	Dental Erozyon (Asit Aşınması)“Frequent soda consumption has caused dental erosion on the back of your teeth, thinning the enamel.”
337.Dental Abrasion Neden: Scrubbing too hard with a hard toothbrushTedavi / Bakım: Cervical composite fillings & soft brush technique	Dental Abrazyon (Mekanik Diş Aşınması)“Brushing horizontally with hard bristles caused these V-shaped notches called dental abrasion.”
338.Dental Attrition Neden: Tooth-to-tooth friction from bruxismTedavi / Bakım: Full-mouth rehabilitation with crowns/onlays & night guard	Dental Atrisyon (Çiğneme Yüzeyi Aşınması)“Severe dental attrition has flattened your incisors; we can restore their original length with ceramic restorations.”
339.Abfraction Neden: Flexural stress on tooth neck from heavy biting forcesTedavi / Bakım: Flexible composite restoration & occlusal adjustment	Abfraksiyon (Diş Boynunda Kama Şekilli Defekt)“Heavy clenching stresses the neck of the tooth, creating these small abfraction lesions near the gum.”
340.Cracked Tooth Syndrome Neden: Biting on hard objects or large unsupported fillingsTedavi / Bakım: Full-coverage crown (or extraction if split reaches root)	Çatlak Diş Sendromu“Sharp pain when releasing your bite is typical of cracked tooth syndrome; placing a crown will hold the tooth together.”
341.Crown Fracture (Chipped/Broken Tooth) Neden: Sports injury, fall or biting hard foodTedavi / Bakım: Aesthetic composite bonding, veneer or crown	Kuron Kırığı (Diş Kırılması)“Since the crown fracture didn't expose the nerve, we can rebuild the missing corner seamlessly with composite.”
342.Root Fracture Neden: Trauma or excessive post pressureTedavi / Bakım: Splinting (if horizontal apical) or Extraction & Implant (if vertical)	Kök Kırığı“Unfortunately, a vertical root fracture cannot be sealed, so extracting the tooth and placing an implant is the best solution.”
343.Dental Avulsion (Knocked-out Tooth) Neden: Acute facial trauma or accidentTedavi / Bakım: Immediate replantation, splinting & root canal treatment	Diş Avülsiyonu (Dişin Yerinden Tamamen Çıkması)“In case of dental avulsion, keep the tooth in milk and come to the clinic immediately for replantation.”
344.Tooth Luxation (Displaced Tooth) Neden: Direct physical traumaTedavi / Bakım: Repositioning, flexible splinting for 2 weeks & vitality monitoring	Diş Lüksasyonu (Dişin Darbeyle Yer Değiştirmesi)“We gently repositioned the luxated tooth and placed a flexible splint so the ligaments can heal.”
345.Internal / External Root Resorption Neden: Past trauma, excessive orthodontic force or chronic inflammationTedavi / Bakım: Root canal treatment with MTA repair or extraction	Kök Rezorpsiyonu (Diş Kökünün Erimesi)“We caught this internal root resorption early on the X-ray and can stop it with specialized MTA root canal filling.”
346.Hypercementosis Neden: Chronic low-grade irritation or systemic factorsTedavi / Bakım: No treatment needed (requires careful surgical technique if extracted)	Hiperssementoz (Kök Ucunda Aşırı Sement Birikimi)“The bulbous root tip on the X-ray is hypercementosis, which just means we need extra care during extraction.”
347.Pulp Stones (Denticles) Neden: Aging or chronic pulp irritationTedavi / Bakım: Ultrasonic removal during root canal if symptomatic	Pulpa Taşı (Kanal İçi Kireçlenme)“We use ultrasonic tips under magnification to bypass the pulp stones inside your root canal.”
348.Enamel Hypoplasia Neden: Childhood fever, nutritional deficiency or trauma during enamel formationTedavi / Bakım: Microabrasion, resin infiltration (Icon) or veneers	Mine Hipoplazisi (Mine Gelişim Bozukluğu)“These chalky patches are enamel hypoplasia from childhood; we can mask them beautifully with resin infiltration or veneers.”
349.Dental Fluorosis Neden: Excessive fluoride intake during early childhoodTedavi / Bakım: Teeth whitening, Icon resin infiltration or porcelain veneers	Dental Florozis (Flor Lekeleri)“Mild dental fluorosis causes white streaks that respond wonderfully to minimally invasive Icon treatment.”
350.Tetracycline Staining (Intrinsic Discoloration) Neden: Tetracycline antibiotic use during tooth developmentTedavi / Bakım: Porcelain laminate veneers or zirconium crowns	Tetrasiklin Renklenmesi (İçsel Diş Kararması)“Deep tetracycline staining is inside the dentin, so porcelain veneers are the most predictable way to achieve a bright smile.”
351.Internal Tooth Discoloration (Non-vital Discoloration) Neden: Blood breakdown products inside a root-canal-treated toothTedavi / Bakım: Internal bleaching (Walking bleach technique) or veneer	Travma/Kanal Sonrası Tek Diş Kararması“Because this front tooth darkened after a root canal, we will perform internal bleaching from the inside out.”
352.Extrinsic Tooth Staining Neden: Coffee, tea, red wine, tobacco & chromogenic bacteriaTedavi / Bakım: Airflow polishing & professional laser teeth whitening	Dışsal Diş Lekelenmesi (Çay, Kahve, Sigara Lekesi)“All these extrinsic stains from coffee and smoking will vanish after an Airflow cleaning session.”
353.Halitosis (Chronic Bad Breath) Neden: Volatile sulfur compounds from tongue bacteria, gum pockets or decayTedavi / Bakım: Periodontal cleaning, replacing leaky fillings & tongue scraping	Halitozis (Kronik Ağız Kokusu)“In 90% of cases, halitosis originates from gum pockets and the back of the tongue, which we can resolve with deep cleaning.”
354.Xerostomia (Dry Mouth) Neden: Medications, dehydration, salivary gland issues or radiationTedavi / Bakım: Saliva substitutes, sugar-free xylitol drops & high-fluoride care	Kserostomi (Ağız Kuruluğu)“Because xerostomia increases cavity risk, stay hydrated and use a moisturizing oral gel.”
355.Sialolithiasis (Salivary Gland Stone) Neden: Calcified mineral deposit blocking salivary ductTedavi / Bakım: Conservative massage, hydration, sialogogues or minor surgical removal	Tükürük Bezi Taşı“Pain and swelling under your jaw right before meals is caused by a tiny salivary gland stone blocking the duct.”
356.Mucocele (Oral Mucous Cyst) Neden: Accidental lip biting rupturing a minor salivary gland ductTedavi / Bakım: Minor laser or surgical excision	Mukosel (Dudak İçi Tükürük Kisti)“This painless bluish bubble on your lower lip is a mucocele from lip biting; we can remove it in ten minutes with a laser.”
357.Aphthous Ulcer (Canker Sore) Neden: Stress, minor cheek bite, vitamin deficiency or acidic foodsTedavi / Bakım: Topical corticosteroid gel, laser biostimulation & soothing mouthwash	Aft (Aftöz Ülser)“Laser therapy can immediately take the sting out of this painful aphthous ulcer and cut healing time in half.”
358.Herpes Labialis (Cold Sore) Neden: Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1)Tedavi / Bakım: Antiviral cream (acyclovir) & postponing elective dental work until crusted	Uçuk (Herpes Labialis)“Since you have an active cold sore on your lip, it's best to apply antiviral cream and reschedule routine cleaning for next week.”
359.Oral Candidiasis (Oral Thrush) Neden: Candida albicans overgrowth after antibiotics or ill-fitting denturesTedavi / Bakım: Antifungal nystatin drops & denture disinfection	Oral Kandidiyazis (Ağız İçi Mantar Enfeksiyonu)“These wipeable white patches are oral candidiasis; an antifungal rinse will clear them up quickly.”
360.Denture Stomatitis Neden: Wearing dentures 24/7 and fungal buildup on acrylicTedavi / Bakım: Leaving dentures out at night, antifungal gel & denture relining	Protez Stomatiti (Damak Protezi Vuruğu/Kızarıklığı)“To heal denture stomatitis, always remove your dentures before sleeping and soak them in cleansing solution.”
361.Traumatic Fibroma Neden: Chronic cheek biting or sharp tooth edge irritationTedavi / Bakım: Smoothing the sharp tooth & laser excision	Travmatik Fibrom (Yanak/Dudak İçi İyi Huylu Doku Büyümesi)“This small firm bump on your cheek is a harmless traumatic fibroma from biting the same spot.”
362.Oral Lichen Planus Neden: Chronic autoimmune inflammatory condition of oral mucosaTedavi / Bakım: Topical corticosteroids, avoiding spicy foods & regular monitoring	Oral Liken Planus“These lacy white lines on your inner cheeks are oral lichen planus; we manage flare-ups with soothing topical gels.”
363.Geographic Tongue (Benign Migratory Glossitis) Neden: Benign inflammatory condition where tongue papillae shed in patchesTedavi / Bakım: Reassurance (harmless) & avoiding acidic/spicy triggers if sensitive	Harita Dil (Coğrafik Dil)“Geographic tongue looks unusual with its map-like red patches, but it is completely benign and not contagious.”
364.Black Hairy Tongue Neden: Elongation of filiform papillae from smoking, coffee or antibioticsTedavi / Bakım: Gentle daily tongue brushing/scraping & improved hydration	Siyah Kıllı Dil“Black hairy tongue is a harmless buildup of keratin on the tongue surface that clears up with daily tongue scraping.”
365.Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) Neden: Short, tight lingual frenulum restricting tongue movementTedavi / Bakım: Laser lingual frenectomy	Ankiloglossi (Dil Bağı)“A quick, bloodless laser frenectomy will release the tongue-tie and improve speech and swallowing.”
366.High Labial Frenum Neden: Thick fibrous frenulum attaching between front incisorsTedavi / Bakım: Labial frenectomy	Yüksek Dudak Bağı“Releasing the high labial frenum prevents the gap between your front teeth from reopening.”
367.Torus Palatinus / Torus Mandibularis Neden: Benign genetic bony growth in palate or lower jawTedavi / Bakım: No treatment needed (surgical smoothing only if interfering with a denture)	Çene Arkası / Damak Kemik Çıkıntısı (Torus)“These hard lumps on the inside of your lower jaw are mandibular tori; they are normal bone variations and totally harmless.”
368.Odontoma Neden: Benign developmental hamartoma of enamel and dentinTedavi / Bakım: Simple surgical enucleation	Odontoma (İyi Huylu Diş Dokusu Tümörü)“We found a small odontoma on the X-ray that is preventing your permanent tooth from coming in.”
369.Maxillary Sinusitis of Dental Origin (Odontogenic Sinusitis) Neden: Upper molar root infection spreading into the maxillary sinus floorTedavi / Bakım: Root canal treatment or extraction of culprit molar + ENT care	Diş Kaynaklı Sinüzit (Odontojenik Sinüzit)“Your one-sided sinus congestion is actually odontogenic sinusitis caused by an infected upper molar root.”
370.Oroantral Communication / Fistula Neden: Upper molar root tip extending into sinus floor during extractionTedavi / Bakım: Primary surgical flap closure & sinus precautions (no nose blowing)	Oroantral Açıklık / Fistül (Ağız-Sinüs İlişkisi)“Because the roots were inside the sinus floor, we closed the socket carefully; please do not blow your nose for two weeks.”
371.Maxillary Sinus Pneumatization (Bone Deficient Sinus) Neden: Sinus expansion downward after upper molar tooth lossTedavi / Bakım: Sinus Lift (Sinus Augmentation) & bone grafting	Sinüs Sarkması (Üst Çene Arka Bölge Kemik Yetersizliği)“Since the sinus expanded after you lost your molars, we will perform a sinus lift to create bone height for your implants.”
372.Alveolar Ridge Resorption (Jawbone Loss) Neden: Long-term tooth loss or advanced periodontal diseaseTedavi / Bakım: Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) / Bone grafting	Çene Kemiği Erimesi (Alveolar Kret Rezorpsiyonu)“Even though you have alveolar ridge resorption, guided bone regeneration allows us to rebuild the bone for implants.”
373.Gummy Smile (Excessive Gingival Display) Neden: Short clinical crowns, hyperactive upper lip or vertical maxillary excessTedavi / Bakım: Laser gingivectomy (crown lengthening) or upper lip botox	Gummy Smile (Gülüşte Diş Etinin Fazla Görünmesi)“We can correct your gummy smile in a single session with laser gum contouring to reveal the full length of your teeth.”
374.Failed Root Canal (Post-Treatment Endodontic Disease) Neden: Missed canal, coronal leakage or resistant bacteriaTedavi / Bakım: Endodontic Retreatment (kanal yenileme) or Apicoectomy	Başarısız Kanal Tedavisi / Tekrarlayan Enfeksiyon“Although this tooth had a root canal years ago, a missed fourth canal caused an infection that we can fix with retreatment.”
375.Broken Endodontic Instrument Neden: Metal fatigue in narrow curved root canalsTedavi / Bakım: Microscopic ultrasonic retrieval or bypassing	Kanalda Kırık Alet“Using our dental microscope, we can safely bypass or remove the broken instrument fragment inside the canal.”
376.Root Perforation Neden: Iatrogenic deviation during post space or canal preparationTedavi / Bakım: Immediate sealing with bioactive MTA cement	Kök Perforasyonu“We sealed the small root perforation internally using biocompatible MTA material.”
377.Overhanging Filling (Defective Restoration) Neden: Improper matrix adaptation leaving excess material on gumsTedavi / Bakım: Re-contouring or replacing the filling	Taşkın Dolgu / Uyumsuz Eski Dolgu“This overhanging filling traps food and irritates your gum, so replacing it will stop the localized bleeding.”
378.Secondary Caries (Recurrent Decay) Neden: Microleakage around aging fillings or crown marginsTedavi / Bakım: Removal of old restoration, caries cleaning & new crown/filling	Sekonder Çürük (Dolgu/Kaplama Altı Çürük)“The X-ray shows secondary caries underneath your ten-year-old filling, so we need to replace it before it reaches the nerve.”
379.Early Childhood Caries (Baby Bottle Tooth Decay) Neden: Frequent nighttime milk/juice bottle feeding without brushingTedavi / Bakım: Pediatric restorations, fluoride therapy & dietary counseling	Erken Çocukluk Çağı Çürüğü (Biberon Çürüğü)“Wiping your baby's gums and avoiding sugary liquids at night prevents baby bottle tooth decay.”
380.Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) Neden: Systemic disturbances during first year of life weakening enamelTedavi / Bakım: Glass ionomer restorations, stainless steel crowns or onlays	Büyük Azı - Kesici Hipomineralizasyonu (Peynir Diş)“Children with MIH have soft, sensitive molar enamel that requires extra protection and regular fluoride.”
381.Premature Loss of Baby Teeth Neden: Severe decay or trauma in primary teethTedavi / Bakım: Space maintainer (Yer tutucu) to preserve space for permanent tooth	Erken Süt Dişi Kaybı“After extracting a baby molar early, we place a simple space maintainer so neighboring teeth don't drift into the gap.”
382.Dental Phobia / Severe Dental Anxiety Neden: Past traumatic dental experiences or fear of pain/needlesTedavi / Bakım: Tell-show-do approach, painless computer anesthesia or conscious sedation	Diş Hekimi Korkusu (Dental Fobi / Anksiyete)“We completely understand dental anxiety; we take everything at your pace and offer sedation for a stress-free visit.”
383.Hyperactive Gag Reflex Neden: Palatal sensitivity or psychological anxietyTedavi / Bakım: Digital intraoral scanning (no putty), topical spray & nasal breathing	Aşırı Öğürme Refleksi“Since you have a sensitive gag reflex, we use a digital scanner instead of traditional impression trays.”
384.Local Anesthetic Failure (Hot Tooth) Neden: Acidic pH of acute inflammation neutralizing standard anesthesiaTedavi / Bakım: Supplemental intraligamentary/intraosseous anesthesia or nerve block	Akut İltihap Nedeniyle Uyuşmayan Diş (Hot Tooth)“When a tooth is acutely inflamed, it needs a specialized nerve block technique to become 100% numb.”
385.Post-Operative Bleeding Neden: Rinsing/spitting too early or blood thinnersTedavi / Bakım: Biting firmly on sterile gauze or damp tea bag for 30 mins, hemostatic sponge & sutures	Çekim Sonrası Kanama (Post-Op Kanama)“A little pink saliva is normal, but for active post-operative bleeding, bite firmly on a folded gauze pad for thirty minutes.”
386.Post-Operative Swelling & Edema Neden: Natural inflammatory healing response after surgical extraction/implantTedavi / Bakım: Ice packs first 24h, elevated head pillow & anti-inflammatory meds	Cerrahi Sonrası Şişlik (Ödem)“Post-operative swelling usually peaks on the second day; applying ice packs today will keep it minimal.”
387.Hematoma / Ecchymosis (Post-Op Bruising) Neden: Minor capillary oozing under skin after implant/bone graft surgeryTedavi / Bakım: Reassurance (harmless, fades in 7-10 days) & warm compresses after day 3	Cerrahi Sonrası Morarma (Hematom / Ekimoz)“Don't worry if you see mild bruising on your cheek; it is a harmless hematoma that fades away within a week.”
388.Paresthesia (Temporary Lip/Chin Numbness) Neden: Nerve bruising or edema near inferior alveolar or lingual nerveTedavi / Bakım: Vitamin B complex supplementation, laser biostimulation & monitoring	Parestezi (Geçici Dudak/Çene Uyuşukluğu)“Because the wisdom tooth was resting directly on the nerve canal, temporary tingling or paresthesia can occur while the nerve recovers.”
389.Subcutaneous Emphysema Neden: Pressurized air entering surgical flap during tooth sectioningTedavi / Bakım: Using surgical electric handpieces (prevention), prophylactic antibiotics & observation	Subkutan Amfizem (Doku Altına Hava Kaçışı)“We always use specialized surgical handpieces during wisdom tooth extractions to prevent air emphysema.”
390.Allergic Contact Stomatitis (Metal Allergy) Neden: Hypersensitivity to nickel or non-precious alloys in old crownsTedavi / Bakım: Replacing metal-based crowns with 100% metal-free zirconia or E-Max	Dental Metal Alerjisi“Replacing your old metal-fused crowns with biocompatible zirconia will eliminate that dark line and gum irritation.”
391.Galvanic Shock (Oral Galvanism) Neden: Two dissimilar metals (e.g., amalgam & gold) touching in salivaTedavi / Bakım: Replacing metallic fillings with composite or ceramic restorations	Ağız İçi Elektriklenme (Galvanik Akım)“That sharp metallic zap you feel is galvanic shock from your old amalgam filling touching the metal crown.”
392.Food Impaction Neden: Open contact point between teeth or plunger cuspTedavi / Bakım: Restoring tight interproximal contact with composite inlay or crown	Diş Arasına Sürekli Yemek Kaçması (Gıda İmpaksiyonu)“Food impaction between these two molars is hurting your gum; I'll rebuild the side of the filling to create a tight contact.”
393.Ill-Fitting Denture (Loose Denture) Neden: Jawbone remodeling over time making old denture looseTedavi / Bakım: Denture relining (besleme), new denture or implant-retained overdenture	Bollaşmış / Vuran Protez“Instead of using messy denture glue for your loose denture, two small implants can lock it firmly in place.”
394.Fractured Porcelain / Crown Debonding Neden: Cement washout, bruxism or traumaTedavi / Bakım: Re-cementation (if intact and tooth is healthy) or new monolithic zirconia crown	Kaplama Kırılması veya Düşmesi (Desimantasyon)“Since your crown came off intact and the tooth underneath has no decay, we can clean and re-cement it right now.”
395.Periapical Flare-Up (Inter-appointment Pain) Neden: Immune response to extruded bacteria during cleaning of necrotic toothTedavi / Bakım: Drainage, intracanal medication adjustment & analgesics	Kanal Tedavisi Seans Arası Alevlenme (Flare-up)“Mild tenderness after a root canal is normal, but if you experience a flare-up, call us so we can relieve the pressure.”
396.Cervical Root Resorption Neden: Trauma or orthodontic pressure near the cemento-enamel junctionTedavi / Bakım: Surgical exposure and restoration with bioceramic material	Servikal Kök Rezorpsiyonu“We detected a small cervical resorption spot near the gumline and sealed it cleanly.”
397.Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG / Trench Mouth) Neden: Extreme stress, smoking, poor hygiene & anaerobic bacteriaTedavi / Bakım: Gentle debridement, hydrogen peroxide rinses & metronidazole antibiotics	Nekrotizan Ülseratif Gingivitis (Akut Ağrılı Diş Eti Enfeksiyonu)“NUG causes sudden painful, bleeding gums; gentle cleaning and a short course of antibiotics bring rapid relief.”
398.Epulis Fissuratum Neden: Chronic irritation from an overextended denture flangeTedavi / Bakım: Adjusting the denture border & laser excision of excess tissue	Epulis Fissuratum (Vuran Proteze Bağlı Diş Eti Katlantısı)“The sharp edge of your old denture caused this tissue fold called epulis; we'll trim the denture and remove the excess tissue with laser.”
399.Actinic Cheilitis / Oral Leukoplakia Neden: Chronic tobacco use, alcohol or frictional irritationTedavi / Bakım: Eliminating irritants, biopsy evaluation & laser removal	Lökoplaki (Ağız İçi Beyaz Lezyon)“Any persistent white patch that cannot be wiped off is evaluated carefully during our routine oral cancer screening.”
400.Sleep Apnea & Snoring (Dental Aspect) Neden: Airway narrowing when lower jaw and tongue fall back during sleepTedavi / Bakım: Custom Mandibular Advancement Device (Horlama Apareyi)	Uyku Apnesi ve Horlama (Dental Plak Tedavisi)“A custom dental sleep appliance holds your lower jaw slightly forward at night to keep your airway open and stop snoring.”

5. Bölüm: Sıfat/Zarf Yapılar (50) ve Hasta-Diş Hekimi Diyalog Örnekleri (50)100 kelime

İngilizce Terim & Alan	Türkçe Anlamı & Klinik Örnek Cümle
401.Throbbing Sıfat/Zarf	Zonklayıcı (Ağrı)“A throbbing pain that keeps you awake usually points to nerve inflammation.”
402.Sharp Sıfat/Zarf	Keskin / Saplanıcı“Do you feel a sharp pain when you bite down on something hard?”
403.Dull Sıfat/Zarf	Künt / Hafif Sürekli Ağrı“A dull ache around the jaw often comes from nighttime teeth clenching.”
404.Shooting Sıfat/Zarf	Şimşek Çakar Gibi Yayılan“Cold water causes a shooting pain right up my cheek.”
405.Lingering Sıfat/Zarf	Uzun Süren / Geçmeyen“Does the sensitivity go away immediately, or is it a lingering pain?”
406.Intermittent (On and off) Sıfat/Zarf	Aralıklı (Gelip Giden)“The discomfort is intermittent; it comes and goes throughout the day.”
407.Constant (Continuous) Sıfat/Zarf	Sürekli / Kesintisiz“When the pain becomes constant, we need to examine the root canal.”
408.Spontaneous Sıfat/Zarf	Kendiliğinden Başlayan“Spontaneous pain without any hot or cold trigger is a key diagnostic sign.”
409.Localized Sıfat/Zarf	Lokalize (Tek Bir Noktada)“Is the pain localized to one tooth, or can't you tell which one it is?”
410.Radiating (Diffuse) Sıfat/Zarf	Yayılan (Dağınık)“Lower molar pain is often radiating toward the ear or temple.”
411.Acute Sıfat/Zarf	Akut (Ani ve Şiddetli)“We always prioritize patients with acute dental pain.”
412.Chronic Sıfat/Zarf	Kronik (Uzun Süreli)“Chronic gum disease often progresses silently without causing pain.”
413.Mild Sıfat/Zarf	Hafif“It is completely normal to have mild sensitivity for a few days after a filling.”
414.Moderate Sıfat/Zarf	Orta Şiddette“Moderate swelling after wisdom tooth surgery can be managed with ice packs.”
415.Severe (Intense) Sıfat/Zarf	Şiddetli“If you experience severe pain, do not wait—call our clinic right away.”
416.Sensitive Sıfat/Zarf	Hassas“Your teeth might feel slightly sensitive to cold air after scaling.”
417.Tender (to touch/percussion) Sıfat/Zarf	Dokunmaya Duyarlı / Hassas“Tell me if this tooth feels tender when I tap on it gently.”
418.Sore Sıfat/Zarf	Ağrılı / Sızlayan“Your gums may feel a little sore tonight after the deep cleaning.”
419.Swollen Sıfat/Zarf	Şişmiş“The gum around your wisdom tooth looks red and swollen.”
420.Inflamed Sıfat/Zarf	İltihaplı / Kızarık“Once we remove the tartar, the inflamed gums will heal quickly.”
421.Infected Sıfat/Zarf	Enfekte“We must clear the infected tissue from the root canal.”
422.Bleeding Sıfat/Zarf	Kanayan“Bleeding gums are the earliest warning sign of gingivitis.”
423.Receding Sıfat/Zarf	Çekilen (Diş Eti)“Receding gums expose the yellowish root surface underneath.”
424.Loose (Mobile) Sıfat/Zarf	Sallanan / Hareketli“Is this tooth loose when you push it with your finger?”
425.Chipped Sıfat/Zarf	Ucu Kırık / Çentikli“We can repair your chipped incisor in twenty minutes with bonding.”
426.Cracked (Fractured) Sıfat/Zarf	Çatlak / Kırık“A cracked tooth hurts most when you release your bite.”
427.Decayed (Carious) Sıfat/Zarf	Çürük“Once all the decayed tissue is removed, we place a strong restoration.”
428.Impacted Sıfat/Zarf	Gömülü“Fully impacted wisdom teeth are removed gently under local anesthesia.”
429.Erupted (Partially erupted) Sıfat/Zarf	Sürmüş (Yarı Sürmüş)“Food easily gets stuck under the gum of a partially erupted wisdom tooth.”
430.Crowded Sıfat/Zarf	Çapraşık / Sıkışık“Crowded teeth are much harder to keep clean with regular brushing.”
431.Misaligned (Crooked) Sıfat/Zarf	Eğri / Hizasız“Clear aligners can fix misaligned teeth discreetly.”
432.Edentulous Sıfat/Zarf	Dişsiz“We will place two implants in the edentulous area on your lower right.”
433.Adjacent Sıfat/Zarf	Komşu (Yandaki Diş)“Unlike a bridge, an implant doesn't require grinding down adjacent teeth.”
434.Opposing Sıfat/Zarf	Karşıt (Karşı Çenedeki Diş)“We check how the new crown contacts the opposing tooth when you chew.”
435.Numb Sıfat/Zarf	Uyuşmuş“Wait until your lip feels completely numb before we start.”
436.Tingling Sıfat/Zarf	Karıncalanan“A tingling sensation in your lip means the anesthesia is starting to work.”
437.Temporary (Provisional) Sıfat/Zarf	Geçici“This is a temporary crown; your permanent zirconia crown will be ready Friday.”
438.Permanent (Definitive) Sıfat/Zarf	Kalıcı / Daimi“Today we are cementing your permanent porcelain veneers.”
439.Removable Sıfat/Zarf	Takıp Çıkarılabilir (Hareketli)“Would you prefer a fixed bridge or a removable partial denture?”
440.Fixed Sıfat/Zarf	Sabit (Yapıştırılan/Vidalanan)“All-on-4 implants give you a fixed set of teeth that never come out.”
441.Aesthetic (Natural-looking) Sıfat/Zarf	Estetik / Doğal Görünümlü“E-Max veneers give a translucent, natural-looking result.”
442.Biocompatible Sıfat/Zarf	Biyouyumlu (Dokuya Dost)“Titanium and zirconia are 100% biocompatible materials.”
443.Resorbable (Dissolvable) Sıfat/Zarf	Eriyen (Kendiliğinden Kaybolan)“I used dissolvable stitches, so you don't need to have them removed.”
444.Sterile Sıfat/Zarf	Steril“Every instrument pouch is opened sterile right in front of you.”
445.Gently Sıfat/Zarf	Nazikçe / Yavaşça“Please bite down gently on this articulating paper.”
446.Firmly Sıfat/Zarf	Sıkıca / Kuvvetlice“Keep biting firmly on the gauze pad for half an hour.”
447.Thoroughly Sıfat/Zarf	İyice / Tamamen“We disinfect the root canals thoroughly before sealing them.”
448.Slightly Sıfat/Zarf	Hafifçe / Biraz“Turn your head slightly to the right, please.”
449.Completely Sıfat/Zarf	Tamamen / Bütünüyle“The area is completely numb; you will only feel light touch, no pain.”
450.Gradually Sıfat/Zarf	Aşamalı Olarak / Yavaş Yavaş“The numbness will gradually wear off over the next two to three hours.”
451.Welcome & Chief Complaint: 'Hello, welcome to our clinic. What brings you in today?' Diyalog: Anamnez	Karşılama: 'Merhaba, kliniğimize hoş geldiniz. Bugün sizi buraya getiren şikayet nedir?'“Patient: 'Hi Doctor, I've had a terrible toothache on my lower left side since Tuesday.'”
452.Pain History: 'When did the pain start, and what does it feel like—sharp or throbbing?' Diyalog: Anamnez	Ağrı Öyküsü: 'Ağrı ne zaman başladı ve nasıl bir his—keskin mi yoksa zonklayıcı mı?'“Patient: 'It started three days ago as a dull ache, and now it's throbbing constantly.'”
453.Thermal Trigger: 'Does hot or cold food make the pain worse?' Diyalog: Anamnez	Tetikleyici Sorgulama: 'Sıcak veya soğuk yiyecekler ağrıyı artırıyor mu?'“Patient: 'Cold water hurts a lot, and the pain lingers for several minutes afterward.'”
454.Night Pain Check: 'Does the pain wake you up at night or get worse when you lie down?' Diyalog: Anamnez	Gece Ağrısı Sorgulama: 'Ağrı gece sizi uyandırıyor mu veya uzandığınızda artıyor mu?'“Patient: 'Yes, last night I couldn't sleep without taking two painkillers.'”
455.Biting Sensitivity: 'Does it hurt when you bite down or chew on that side?' Diyalog: Anamnez	Çiğneme Ağrısı: 'Isırdığınızda veya o tarafla çiğnediğinizde ağrıyor mu?'“Patient: 'Yes, even touching the tooth with my tongue feels tender.'”
456.Medical History & Allergies: 'Do you have any medical conditions or allergies to medications like penicillin or local anesthesia?' Diyalog: Anamnez	Tıbbi Öykü ve Alerji: 'Herhangi bir kronik hastalığınız ya da penisilin, lokal anestezi gibi ilaçlara alerjiniz var mı?'“Patient: 'No allergies at all, and I'm not taking any regular medication.'”
457.Blood Thinners & Pregnancy: 'Are you currently taking any blood thinners, or is there any chance you might be pregnant?' Diyalog: Anamnez	Kan Sulandırıcı ve Gebelik: 'Şu anda kan sulandırıcı kullanıyor musunuz veya hamilelik ihtimaliniz var mı?'“Patient: 'No, neither.'”
458.Reassuring an Anxious Patient: 'I know dental visits can be stressful. We will go slowly, and if you need a break at any time, just raise your left hand and I will stop immediately.' Diyalog: Hasta İletişimi	Korkulu Hastayı Rahatlatma: 'Diş ziyaretlerinin stresli olabileceğini biliyorum. Yavaş ilerleyeceğiz; istediğiniz an sol elinizi kaldırmanız yeterli, hemen dururum.'“Patient: 'Thank you so much, Doctor. That makes me feel much safer.'”
459.Starting the Exam: 'Please lean back and open your mouth wide so I can take a look.' Diyalog: Muayene	Muayeneye Başlama: 'Lütfen arkanıza yaslanın ve kontrol edebilmem için ağzınızı geniş açın.'“Patient opens wide while the dentist examines with a mirror and probe.”
460.Cold Vitality Test: 'I am going to touch your tooth with a cold cotton pellet. Tell me as soon as you feel a cold sensation.' Diyalog: Muayene	Soğuk Testi: 'Dişinize soğuk bir pamuk dokunduracağım. Soğukluğu hisseder hissetmez bana söyleyin.'“Patient: 'Ouch! Yes, I felt that right away and it's still aching.'”
461.Percussion Test: 'Now I will gently tap on a few teeth. Let me know which one feels different or tender.' Diyalog: Muayene	Perküsyon Testi: 'Şimdi birkaç dişinize hafifçe tıklatacağım. Hangisinin farklı veya hassas hissettirdiğini söyleyin.'“Patient: 'The second one from the back definitely felt tender.'”
462.Explaining X-Ray Need: 'We need to take a quick X-ray to see the roots and the bone underneath.' Diyalog: Radyoloji	Röntgen Açıklaması: 'Kökleri ve alttaki kemik dokusunu görmek için hızlı bir röntgen çekmemiz gerekiyor.'“Patient: 'Sure, let's do that.'”
463.Explaining Cavity Diagnosis: 'Looking at your X-ray, you have a deep cavity between these two molars, but it hasn't reached the nerve yet.' Diyalog: Teşhis	Çürük Teşhisini Anlatma: 'Röntgeninize baktığımızda bu iki azı dişi arasında derin bir çürük var ama henüz sinire ulaşmamış.'“Patient: 'Can it be fixed with a regular filling?'”
464.Explaining Root Canal Need: 'The decay has reached the nerve chamber and caused an infection, so a simple filling won't be enough. We need to do a root canal treatment to save the tooth.' Diyalog: Teşhis	Kanal Tedavisi Gereksinimini Anlatma: 'Çürük sinir odasına ulaşıp enfeksiyona yol açmış, bu yüzden normal dolgu yetmez. Dişi kurtarmak için kanal tedavisi yapmalıyız.'“Patient: 'Is root canal treatment painful?'”
465.Demystifying Root Canal Pain: 'Not at all. Under modern local anesthesia, a root canal feels no different than getting a regular filling, and it will stop your toothache permanently.' Diyalog: Hasta İletişimi	Kanal Tedavisi Korkusunu Giderme: 'Kesinlikle hayır. Modern lokal anestezi altında kanal tedavisi normal bir dolgudan farksızdır ve ağrınızı kalıcı olarak geçirir.'“Patient: 'That's a huge relief. Let's save the tooth.'”
466.Explaining Periodontal Disease: 'Your gums are bleeding because tartar has built up below the gumline. We need a deep cleaning called scaling and root planing.' Diyalog: Teşhis	Diş Eti Hastalığını Anlatma: 'Diş etleriniz kanıyor çünkü diş eti altında diş taşı birikmiş. Diş taşı temizliği ve kök yüzeyi düzleştirmesi yapmamız gerekiyor.'“Patient: 'How long will that take?'”
467.Explaining Extraction Need: 'Unfortunately, this tooth has a vertical root fracture and cannot be saved. The safest option is to extract it and replace it with an implant.' Diyalog: Teşhis	Çekim Kararını Anlatma: 'Maalesef bu dişin kökünde dikey bir kırık var ve kurtarılamaz durumda. En güvenli seçenek dişi çekip yerine implant koymak.'“Patient: 'Can we place the implant at the same time?'”
468.Presenting Treatment Options: 'We have two good options here: we can place a porcelain onlay, or a full zirconia crown for maximum strength.' Diyalog: Tedavi Planı	Tedavi Seçeneklerini Sunma: 'Burada iki iyi seçeneğimiz var: porselen onley yapabiliriz ya da maksimum dayanıklılık için tam zirkonyum kuron uygulayabiliriz.'“Patient: 'Which one lasts longer if I grind my teeth?'”
469.Obtaining Informed Consent: 'Before we begin, I've explained the procedure, expected recovery, and rare risks like temporary swelling. Do I have your consent to proceed?' Diyalog: Onam	Onam Alma: 'Başlamadan önce işlemi, iyileşme sürecini ve geçici şişlik gibi nadir riskleri anlattım. İşleme başlamam için onayınız var mı?'“Patient: 'Yes, everything is clear. Let's go ahead.'”
470.Administering Anesthesia: 'I've applied numbing gel on your gum first. Now you will feel a tiny pinch and some warm pressure as I slowly give the anesthetic.' Diyalog: İşlem Anı	Anestezi Uygulama: 'Önce diş etinize uyuşturucu jel sürdüm. Şimdi anestezik maddeyi yavaşça verirken minik bir batma ve hafif baskı hissedeceksiniz.'“Dentist injects slowly while reassuring the patient: 'You're doing great, almost done.'”
471.Testing Numbness: 'Does your lip feel heavy and numb? Let me test the gum gently—do you feel anything sharp here, or just pressure?' Diyalog: İşlem Anı	Uyuşukluk Kontrolü: 'Dudağınız ağırlaştı ve uyuştu mu? Diş etini nazikçe kontrol edeyim—burada keskin bir acı var mı yoksa sadece dokunma hissi mi?'“Patient: 'Only pressure, nothing sharp.'”
472.During Preparation / Drilling: 'You will hear a whistling sound and feel some water spray and vibration, but no pain.' Diyalog: İşlem Anı	Dolgu/Kesim Sırasında Bilgilendirme: 'Hafif bir ses duyacaksınız, su spreyi ve titreşim hissedeceksiniz ama ağrı olmayacak.'“Assistant suctions water while the dentist prepares the cavity.”
473.During Tooth Extraction: 'You are going to feel quite a bit of pushing and pressure now—that is completely normal. Push sensations are okay, just tell me if anything feels sharp.' Diyalog: Cerrahi	Diş Çekimi Sırasında: 'Şimdi biraz itme ve baskı hissedeceksiniz; bu tamamen normaldir. Baskı hissi normaldir, sadece keskin bir şey hissederseniz bana söyleyin.'“Patient stays calm as the tooth is gently luxated and removed.”
474.Checking the Bite (Occlusion): 'Please tap your back teeth together on this blue paper and grind side to side. Does the new filling feel high or completely natural?' Diyalog: Restoratif	Yükseklik Kontrolü: 'Lütfen arka dişlerinizi bu mavi kağıdın üzerine vurun ve sağa sola kaydırın. Yeni dolgu yüksek geliyor mu yoksa tamamen doğal mı?'“Patient: 'It feels just a tiny bit high when I slide to the left.'”
475.Shade Matching for Veneers/Crowns: 'Here is our shade guide in natural daylight. Would you like a natural Hollywood white like BL3, or a softer shade that matches your lower teeth?' Diyalog: Estetik	Renk Seçimi (Estetik): 'İşte gün ışığında renk skalamız. BL3 gibi doğal bir Hollywood beyazı mı istersiniz, yoksa alt dişlerinizle uyumlu daha yumuşak bir ton mu?'“Patient: 'I want it bright and white, but still natural-looking—BL3 looks perfect.'”
476.Digital Smile Design / Mock-up: 'We placed a temporary mock-up on your teeth so you can see the exact shape and length of your new smile in the mirror before we touch your enamel.' Diyalog: Estetik	Gülüş Tasarımı Provası (Mock-up): 'Dişlerinize hiç dokunmadan önce yeni gülüşünüzün tam şeklini ve boyunu aynada görebilmeniz için geçici mock-up uyguladık.'“Patient: 'Wow, I love how the front two teeth look! Can we round the corners slightly?'”
477.Crown / Veneer Try-In: 'Take a look in the mirror. Are you happy with the color, shape, and alignment before we cement them permanently?' Diyalog: Protez	Kaplama/Lamina Provası: 'Aynaya bir bakın. Kalıcı olarak yapıştırmadan önce renk, şekil ve dizilimden memnun musunuz?'“Patient: 'They look amazing and feel very comfortable.'”
478.Implant Consultation: 'A dental implant acts like an artificial titanium root. After we place it, we wait three months for it to fuse with your jawbone before attaching the porcelain crown.' Diyalog: İmplantoloji	İmplant Danışmanlığı: 'Dental implant yapay bir titanyum kök gibi çalışır. Yerleştirdikten sonra porselen kuronu takmak için çene kemiğiyle kaynaşmasını 3 ay bekleriz.'“Patient: 'Will I have a temporary tooth during those three months?'”
479.Explaining Sinus Lift & Bone Graft: 'Because the bone in your upper back jaw is thin, we will perform a sinus lift and add bone graft material so your implant has strong support.' Diyalog: Cerrahi	Sinüs Lift ve Kemik Tozu Açıklaması: 'Üst arka çenenizdeki kemik ince olduğu için implantınızın sağlam tutunması adına sinüs lift yapıp kemik tozu ekleyeceğiz.'“Patient: 'Does that extend the healing time much?'”
480.Clear Aligner Instructions: 'Wear each set of clear aligners for 22 hours a day, removing them only to eat, drink hot beverages, and brush your teeth.' Diyalog: Ortodonti	Şeffaf Plak Kullanım Talimatı: 'Her şeffaf plak setini günde 22 saat takın; sadece yemek yerken, sıcak bir şey içerken ve diş fırçalarken çıkarın.'“Patient: 'How often do I switch to the next aligner tray?'”
481.Pediatric Communication (Tell-Show-Do): 'First, we are going to use my tiny tooth mirror to count your teeth, and then Mr. Thirsty will sip the water and tickle your tooth!' Diyalog: Pedodonti	Çocuk Hasta İletişimi: 'Önce minik diş aynamla dişlerini sayacağız, sonra da Susamış Bay Hortum suyu içip dişini gıdıklayacak!'“Child smiles and opens wide without fear.”
482.Post-Anesthesia Care: 'Your lip and tongue will stay numb for about two hours. Please do not eat or chew until the numbness wears off so you don't accidentally bite your lip.' Diyalog: Taburcu Talimatı	Anestezi Sonrası Uyarı: 'Dudağınız ve diliniz yaklaşık iki saat uyuşuk kalacak. Yanlışlıkla dudağınızı ısırmamak için uyuşukluk geçene kadar bir şey çiğnemeyin.'“Patient: 'Can I drink plain water?' — 'Yes, cool water is fine.'”
483.Post-Extraction Gauze & Clot Care: 'Bite firmly on this gauze pad for 30 minutes. Today, do not spit forcefully, do not rinse your mouth, and do not drink through a straw, so the blood clot stays in place.' Diyalog: Cerrahi Bakım	Çekim Sonrası Tampon ve Pıhtı Koruması: 'Bu tamponu 30 dakika sıkıca ısırın. Kan pıhtısının bozulmaması için bugün kuvvetlice tükürmeyin, çalkalamayın ve pipet kullanmayın.'“Patient: 'What should I eat tonight?'”
484.Post-Surgery Diet & Smoking Warning: 'Eat soft, cool or lukewarm foods like yogurt, soup, or smoothies for the first 48 hours, and strictly avoid smoking or alcohol for at least three days.' Diyalog: Cerrahi Bakım	Cerrahi Sonrası Beslenme ve Sigara Uyarısı: 'İlk 48 saat yoğurt, ılık çorba gibi yumuşak ve soğuk/ılık gıdalar tüketin; en az üç gün sigara ve alkolden kesinlikle uzak durun.'“Patient: 'Got it, I'll stick to soft foods.'”
485.Ice Pack & Salt Water Rinse Instruction: 'Apply an ice pack on your cheek today—10 minutes on, 10 minutes off. Starting tomorrow, gently rinse with warm salt water after meals.' Diyalog: Cerrahi Bakım	Buz Uygulaması ve Tuzlu Su Gargarası: 'Bugün yanağınıza 10 dakika tutup 10 dakika çekerek buz uygulayın. Yarından itibaren yemeklerden sonra ılık tuzlu suyla nazikçe çalkalayın.'“Patient: 'When will the stitches come out?'”
486.Medication Instructions: 'Take this antibiotic every 12 hours until the box is finished, and take the painkiller after meals before the numbness completely wears off.' Diyalog: Reçete	İlaç Kullanım Talimatı: 'Bu antibiyotiği kutu bitene kadar 12 saatte bir alın; ağrı kesiciyi ise uyuşukluk tamamen geçmeden önce tok karnına için.'“Patient: 'Thank you, Doctor. Everything is very clear.'”
487.Post-Whitening (White Diet) Advice: 'For the next 48 hours, your enamel pores are open, so avoid coffee, black tea, red wine, cola, and dark sauces—follow a white diet.' Diyalog: Estetik Bakım	Beyazlatma Sonrası Beyaz Diyet: 'Önümüzdeki 48 saat boyunca mine gözenekleriniz açık olduğu için kahve, çay, kırmızı şarap, kola ve salçalı gıdalardan kaçının; beyaz diyet uygulayın.'“Patient: 'Is milk or herbal tea okay?' — 'Milk is fine, just avoid dark staining drinks.'”
488.Temporary Crown Care: 'Because your temporary crown is held with soft cement, avoid sticky foods like chewing gum or caramel, and slide dental floss out sideways instead of pulling up.' Diyalog: Protez Bakım	Geçici Kaplama Bakımı: 'Geçici kaplamanız yumuşak bir simanla yapıştırıldığı için sakız, karamel gibi yapışkan gıdalardan kaçının; diş ipini yukarı çekmek yerine yandan kaydırarak çıkarın.'“Patient: 'What if the temporary crown comes off?' — 'Just call us and we'll pop it right back on.'”
489.Night Guard Care: 'Wear your night guard every night, rinse it with cool water in the morning, and brush it gently with liquid soap—never use hot water or it may warp.' Diyalog: Koruyucu Bakım	Gece Plağı Bakımı: 'Gece plağınızı her gece takın, sabah soğuk suyla durulayıp sıvı sabunla fırçalayın; şekli bozulabileceği için asla sıcak su kullanmayın.'“Patient: 'Should I bring it with me to my check-ups?' — 'Yes, always bring it along.'”
490.Scheduling Follow-Up & Dental Tourism Farewell: 'Your smile makeover is complete! Here is your implant passport and X-ray records. Come see us tomorrow for a final bite check before your flight home.' Diyalog: Sağlık Turizmi	Kontrol Randevusu ve Sağlık Turizmi Uğurlama: 'Gülüş tasarımınız tamamlandı! İşte implant pasaportunuz ve röntgen kayıtlarınız. Uçuşunuzdan önce son bir kapanış kontrolü için yarın sizi bekliyoruz.'“Patient: 'Thank you so much for everything! I can't stop smiling.'”
491.Explaining Sensitive Teeth After Filling: 'It is normal for a deep filling to feel slightly sensitive to cold for a week or two while the nerve settles down.' Diyalog: Restoratif Bakım	Dolgu Sonrası Hassasiyet Bilgilendirmesi: 'Derin bir dolgudan sonra sinir dokusu kendini toparlarken bir-iki hafta soğuğa karşı hafif hassasiyet olması normaldir.'“Patient: 'When should I worry?' — 'Only if it turns into spontaneous throbbing pain.'”
492.Discussing Treatment Costs & Guarantee: 'This treatment plan includes all X-rays, temporary crowns, and a 5-year clinic warranty on your zirconia restorations.' Diyalog: Sağlık Turizmi	Tedavi Maliyeti ve Garanti Bilgilendirmesi: 'Bu tedavi planına tüm röntgenler, geçici kaplamalar ve zirkonyum restorasyonlarınız için 5 yıllık klinik garantisi dahildir.'“Patient: 'That's very transparent, thank you.'”
493.Addressing Gag Reflex During Impression: 'Breathe slowly through your nose and wiggle your toes—it distracts your brain and stops the gag reflex within seconds.' Diyalog: Hasta İletişimi	Ölçü Sırasında Öğürme Refleksini Yönetme: 'Burnunuzdan yavaşça nefes alın ve ayak parmaklarınızı oynatın; bu beyninizin dikkatini dağıtır ve öğürme refleksini saniyeler içinde durdurur.'“Patient breathes through the nose and completes the impression comfortably.”
494.Explaining Bone Healing Timeline: 'We will place your temporary teeth today so you won't leave without a smile, and in three months you'll return for your permanent zirconia bridge.' Diyalog: Sağlık Turizmi	İmplant İyileşme Süreci (1. ve 2. Ziyaret): 'Gülüşsüz kalmamanız için bugün geçici dişlerinizi takacağız; üç ay sonra ise kalıcı zirkonyum köprünüz için ikinci ziyaretinizi yapacaksınız.'“Patient: 'Having fixed temporary teeth in the meantime is wonderful.'”
495.Gingival Bleeding After Scaling: 'Your gums might ooze a tiny bit of pink today because they were inflamed, but keep brushing gently—within three days they will become firm and pink.' Diyalog: Periodontoloji	Diş Taşı Temizliği Sonrası Kanama Açıklaması: 'Diş etleriniz iltihaplı olduğu için bugün hafif pembe bir sızıntı olabilir ama nazikçe fırçalamaya devam edin; üç gün içinde sıkı ve sağlıklı pembe rengine dönecektir.'“Patient: 'Which toothbrush should I buy?' — 'An ultra-soft surgical or soft-bristled brush.'”
496.Denture Adaptation Advice: 'New dentures feel a bit bulky at first and increase saliva for a few days. Reading aloud at home is the fastest way to train your tongue and speech.' Diyalog: Protez Bakım	Yeni Proteze Alışma Tavsiyesi: 'Yeni protezler ilk başta biraz büyük hissedilir ve birkaç gün tükürük artışına yol açar. Evde sesli kitap okumak dilinizi ve konuşmanızı en hızlı alıştırma yöntemidir.'“Patient: 'What if a sore spot develops?' — 'Come in and I'll smooth that spot in two minutes.'”
497.Explaining Wisdom Tooth Proximity to Nerve: 'On the 3D scan, the tip of your wisdom tooth root touches the nerve canal, so we will use piezocision ultrasound surgery to protect the nerve.' Diyalog: Cerrahi	20 Yaş Dişi - Sinir Komşuluğu Açıklaması: '3 boyutlu tomografide yirmi yaş dişinizin kök ucu sinir kanalına komşu görünüyor; bu yüzden siniri korumak için ultrasonik piezo cerrahisi kullanacağız.'“Patient: 'I appreciate the extra safety precaution.'”
498.Post-Root Canal Crown Recommendation: 'Because root-canal-treated back teeth lose moisture and become brittle over time, placing a crown protects the tooth from splitting when you chew.' Diyalog: Endodonti	Kanal Tedavisi Sonrası Kaplama Önerisi: 'Kanal tedavisi gören arka dişler zamanla nemini kaybedip kırılganlaştığı için üzerine kaplama (kuron) yapmak dişi çiğneme sırasında kırılmaktan korur.'“Patient: 'Let's definitely put a crown on it so I don't lose the tooth later.'”
499.Pediatric Post-Op Lip Biting Warning (To Parents): 'Children often chew on their numb lip because it feels funny and doesn't hurt, so please watch your child closely for the next two hours.' Diyalog: Pedodonti	Çocuk Hastada Uyuşuk Dudak Isırma Uyarısı (Ebeveyne): 'Çocuklar uyuşuk dudakları tuhaf hissettirdiği ve acımadığı için farkında olmadan ısırabilirler; lütfen önümüzdeki iki saat çocuğunuzu yakından gözlemleyin.'“Parent: 'Thank you for warning me, I'll keep a close eye on him.'”
500.Oral Hygiene Instruction (Bass Technique): 'Hold your brush at a 45-degree angle toward the gumline and make small vibrating circles instead of scrubbing back and forth.' Diyalog: Hijyen Eğitimi	Fırçalama Tekniği (Bass Yöntemi) Anlatımı: 'Fırçanızı diş eti sınırına doğru 45 derecelik açıyla tutun ve sertçe ileri-geri sürtmek yerine küçük dairesel titreşimlerle fırçalayın.'“Patient practices the angle in the hand mirror.”

Klinikte Baştan Sona Örnek Diş Hekimi – Hasta Diyaloğu

Yukarıdaki 500 kelimelik veri tabanında yer alan terminoloji, cihaz, fiil ve sıfatların gerçek bir muayenede nasıl birleştiğini aşağıdaki özet tabloda görebilirsiniz:

Muayene Aşaması	İngilizce Klinik Kalıp	Türkçe Karşılığı ve Amacı
1. Karşılama & Anamnez	“Hello, welcome to our clinic. What brings you in today? When did the pain start, and is it sharp or throbbing?”	Hastayı karşılama ve ağrının süresini/karakterini sorgulama
2. Tıbbi Öykü & Alerji	“Do you have any medical conditions, or are you allergic to any medications such as penicillin or local anesthesia?”	Sistemik hastalık ve ilaç/anestezi alerjisi güvenliği
3. Muayene Komutu	“Please lean back and open your mouth wide. I'm going to gently tap on this molar—let me know if it feels tender.”	Ağız içi muayene ve perküsyon hassasiyet testi
4. Teşhis & Tedavi Planı	“Looking at your X-ray, deep decay has reached the pulp chamber, causing irreversible pulpitis. We need a root canal treatment and a zirconia crown.”	Röntgen bulgusunu, hastalığın nedenini ve tedavisini anlatma
5. Bilgilendirilmiş Onam	“Under local anesthesia you won't feel pain, only light pressure. Do I have your informed consent to proceed?”	Korkuyu giderme ve işlem onamı alma
6. Taburcu & Bakım	“Your lip will stay numb for two hours; please avoid chewing until the numbness wears off.”	Anestezi sonrası dudak ısırma ve bakım uyarısı

Mini Dental Kelime Testi: Kendinizi Deneyin

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Her soruda 500 kelimelik listeden rastgele bir dental terim gelir; doğru Türkçe karşılığı seçin.

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Dental Fluorosis

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Sıkça Sorulan Sorular

Diş hekimlerinin en çok kullandığı İngilizce terimler hangileridir?

Klinikte en sık kullanılan terimler Cavity / Caries (Çürük), Root canal treatment (Kanal tedavisi), Tooth extraction (Diş çekimi), Scaling and root planing (Diş taşı temizliği ve kök düzeltmesi), Zirconia crown (Zirkonyum kuron), Porcelain laminate veneer (Yaprak porselen), Dental implant (İmplant) ve Local anesthesia (Lokal anestezi) kavramlarıdır.

500 kelimelik diş hekimliği İngilizcesi listesini PDF olarak nasıl indirebilirim?

Arama motorunun sağ üst köşesindeki bordo renkli “PDF İndir / Yazdır” butonuna tıkladığınızda tüm 500 kelime otomatik olarak açılır ve tarayıcınızın “PDF Olarak Kaydet” seçeneğiyle reklamsız bir kitapçık olarak cihazınıza iner.

DUS ve doktora için YÖKDİL Sağlık mı yoksa TIPDİL mi tercih edilmeli?

Her iki sınav da DUS yerleştirmelerinde kabul edilir. Akademik yükselme (doktora, doçentlik) hedefiniz de varsa her iki sınavın hazırlığını kapsayan www.saglikingilizcesi.com YÖKDİL Sağlık ve TIPDİL kurslarına katılabilirsiniz.

Bu rehber, sağlık profesyonellerine özel İngilizce eğitimi sunan Semih Pala ve saglikingilizcesi.com eğitim kurulu tarafından hazırlanmıştır.

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Diş Hekimlerine İngilizce Kursu: Dental İngilizce

Diş hekimleri için İngilizce (Dental English) neden belirleyici?

Branşlara göre diş hekimliği İngilizce odak alanları

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Mini Dental Kelime Testi: Kendinizi Deneyin

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Diş Hekimleri İçin Akademik Kariyer (DUS / YÖKDİL) ve Klinik Speaking Programları

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MEDTALKS: Klinik Konuşma Kulübü

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